Solutions
average cardiac output 6 LPM
P wave depolarization of the atria
T wave repolarization of ventricles
creates heart sounds closure of SV and semilunar valves
S1 "lub" heart sound closure of AV valves
heart louder at apex of heart
S2 "dub" sound closure of semilunar valves
heart louder at base of heart
s3 heart sound "Ventricular gallop" occurs early in diastole
related to limitation of movement of ventricles
, Nurs 315 Cardio Exam Questions With
Solutions
normal extra sound in healthy athlete under 40 s3 heart sound
abnormal extra sound in pt above 40 and can indicate heart failure s3 heart sound
s4 heart sound "atrial gallop" occurs at end of diastole
atria work hard to contract against a resistant left ventricle
heart murmur swishing or unusually prolonged sounds indicative of turbulent blood flow
in vascular system
can occur anywhere in heart cycle
two types of murmurs innocent/physiological
abnormal/pathological
type of pt with possible innocent/physiological heart murmur pregnant women