Childhood Psychopathology
Chapter 10 Notes
*Depression
*Some Semantics
*Symptoms: sad mood, feeling blue- thus one aspect of depression
*Syndrome: regular co-existence of symptoms that commonly occur together
*Disorder: to meet DSM criteria…
*Where is the research concentrated?
*Grade-school-aged children
*Adolescents
*Isle of Wight Study (1970) conducted a longitudinal examination of these two groups:
*13% rate of depression in grade-school-aged
*40% rate of depression in adolescents
*10% of adolescents in a more recent MN study
*Developmental issues
*The DSM criteria explicitly state that the essential features of depression are the same
for all age groups!
*However, the DSM also indicates that there are probably age-associated features (e.g.,
separation anxiety vs. antisocial behavior)
*Other views:
*Some combinations of core adult features + child Sxs.
*Manifesting itself in a totally different way (e.g., hyperactivity, learning
problems, enuresis)
*Mood disorders
*Major depressive disorder *Dysthymia
*Bipolar disorder *Cyclothymia
*Major depression
*5 or more for 2 weeks (at least 1 of 5+ must be*)
*Depressed mood* *Loss of interest or pleasure *
*Appetite/weight change *Insomnia or hypersomnia
*Psychomotor agitation or retardation
*Fatigue or loss of energy *Poor concentration/indecisiveness
*Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
*Suicidal ideation
*Symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other
functioning
*Symptoms are not the direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
*Mid-20s, common age of onset
*Dysthymia
*Depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years (in
children: 1 year)
*Need 2 or more of the following:
*Poor appetite or overeating *Insomnia or hypersomnia
, *Low energy or fatigue *Low self-esteem
*Poor concentration or difficulty w decision-making
*Feelings of hopelessness
*Never w/o these symptoms for more than 2 months during the 2+ years
*No MDD during the first 2 years of symptoms, and no manic episodes ever
*Symptoms= impairments are not due to drugs/medical
*Bipolar disorder (aka, Manic Depression)
*DSM-5 contains six different criteria!
*Also termed Manic-depression
*The clinical course is characterized by cycles of manic and depressive episodes (e.g.,
every three weeks), with, at times, periods of normal functioning interspersed between
mania and depression
*Bipolar I: one or more manic episodes (but doesn’t preclude having a mixed or
major depressive episode)
*Bipolar II: one or more major depressive episodes at least one hypomanic
episode, and no manic episodes
*A distinct period of abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, and/or
irritable mood
*3+ of the following;
*Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
*Decreased need for sleep
*Pressured speech/much more talkative
*Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
*Distractibility
*Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
*Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential
for painful consequences
*Manic episode
*Often accompanied by delusions
*Lasts 1 week or more
*Hypomanic episode
*Delusions often not present
*Lasts 4 days or more
*Symptoms cause significant distress impairment in social, occupational, or other
functioning
*Symptoms are not the direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
*Completed suicide in 10-15% of individuals with bipolar disorder
*Cyclothymia
*Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressed
mood, for at least 2 years
*Never without these symptoms for more than 2 months during 2-year period
*No prior major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episode during first 2
years
*Symptoms= impairments and not due to drugs/medical
Chapter 10 Notes
*Depression
*Some Semantics
*Symptoms: sad mood, feeling blue- thus one aspect of depression
*Syndrome: regular co-existence of symptoms that commonly occur together
*Disorder: to meet DSM criteria…
*Where is the research concentrated?
*Grade-school-aged children
*Adolescents
*Isle of Wight Study (1970) conducted a longitudinal examination of these two groups:
*13% rate of depression in grade-school-aged
*40% rate of depression in adolescents
*10% of adolescents in a more recent MN study
*Developmental issues
*The DSM criteria explicitly state that the essential features of depression are the same
for all age groups!
*However, the DSM also indicates that there are probably age-associated features (e.g.,
separation anxiety vs. antisocial behavior)
*Other views:
*Some combinations of core adult features + child Sxs.
*Manifesting itself in a totally different way (e.g., hyperactivity, learning
problems, enuresis)
*Mood disorders
*Major depressive disorder *Dysthymia
*Bipolar disorder *Cyclothymia
*Major depression
*5 or more for 2 weeks (at least 1 of 5+ must be*)
*Depressed mood* *Loss of interest or pleasure *
*Appetite/weight change *Insomnia or hypersomnia
*Psychomotor agitation or retardation
*Fatigue or loss of energy *Poor concentration/indecisiveness
*Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
*Suicidal ideation
*Symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other
functioning
*Symptoms are not the direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
*Mid-20s, common age of onset
*Dysthymia
*Depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years (in
children: 1 year)
*Need 2 or more of the following:
*Poor appetite or overeating *Insomnia or hypersomnia
, *Low energy or fatigue *Low self-esteem
*Poor concentration or difficulty w decision-making
*Feelings of hopelessness
*Never w/o these symptoms for more than 2 months during the 2+ years
*No MDD during the first 2 years of symptoms, and no manic episodes ever
*Symptoms= impairments are not due to drugs/medical
*Bipolar disorder (aka, Manic Depression)
*DSM-5 contains six different criteria!
*Also termed Manic-depression
*The clinical course is characterized by cycles of manic and depressive episodes (e.g.,
every three weeks), with, at times, periods of normal functioning interspersed between
mania and depression
*Bipolar I: one or more manic episodes (but doesn’t preclude having a mixed or
major depressive episode)
*Bipolar II: one or more major depressive episodes at least one hypomanic
episode, and no manic episodes
*A distinct period of abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, and/or
irritable mood
*3+ of the following;
*Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
*Decreased need for sleep
*Pressured speech/much more talkative
*Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
*Distractibility
*Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
*Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential
for painful consequences
*Manic episode
*Often accompanied by delusions
*Lasts 1 week or more
*Hypomanic episode
*Delusions often not present
*Lasts 4 days or more
*Symptoms cause significant distress impairment in social, occupational, or other
functioning
*Symptoms are not the direct physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
*Completed suicide in 10-15% of individuals with bipolar disorder
*Cyclothymia
*Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressed
mood, for at least 2 years
*Never without these symptoms for more than 2 months during 2-year period
*No prior major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episode during first 2
years
*Symptoms= impairments and not due to drugs/medical
