NUR315
Pathophysiology
LATEST FINAL GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question: Which of the following is the primary
mechanism leading to tissue damage in autoimmune
diseases?
- A) Inadequate blood supply
- B) Pathogen invasion
- C) Immune system attacking body's own cells
- D) Environmental toxins
Answer: C) Immune system attacking body's own cells
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases occur when the
immune system mistakenly identifies the body's own cells
as foreign and attacks them, leading to tissue damage.
2. Question: Which cytokine is predominantly associated
with the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis?
- A) Interleukin-1
- B) Interleukin-4
- C) Interleukin-10
- D) Transforming Growth Factor-beta
Answer: A) Interleukin-1
Rationale: Interleukin-1 plays a key role in mediating
the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis,
contributing to inflammation and joint destruction.
3. Question: In the context of heart failure, which of the
following mechanisms compensates for decreased cardiac
output?
- A) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
- B) Increased heart rate
- C) Decreased renal retention of water
©2024/2025
, - D) Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity
Answer: B) Increased heart rate
Rationale: The body compensates for decreased
cardiac output in heart failure by increasing heart rate to
maintain adequate circulation.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. Question: In chronic kidney disease, the buildup of
waste products in the blood is known as _______.
Answer: Uremia
Rationale: Uremia refers to the accumulation of urea
and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, due to
impaired kidney function.
5. Question: The process by which cancer cells spread
from the place they first formed to another part of the body
is known as _______.
Answer: Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer
cells through the blood or lymph system from the primary
site to other areas of the body.
### True/False Questions
6. Question: True or False: Increased preload decreases
myocardial oxygen demand.
Answer: False
Rationale: Increased preload leads to increased
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology
LATEST FINAL GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question: Which of the following is the primary
mechanism leading to tissue damage in autoimmune
diseases?
- A) Inadequate blood supply
- B) Pathogen invasion
- C) Immune system attacking body's own cells
- D) Environmental toxins
Answer: C) Immune system attacking body's own cells
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases occur when the
immune system mistakenly identifies the body's own cells
as foreign and attacks them, leading to tissue damage.
2. Question: Which cytokine is predominantly associated
with the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis?
- A) Interleukin-1
- B) Interleukin-4
- C) Interleukin-10
- D) Transforming Growth Factor-beta
Answer: A) Interleukin-1
Rationale: Interleukin-1 plays a key role in mediating
the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis,
contributing to inflammation and joint destruction.
3. Question: In the context of heart failure, which of the
following mechanisms compensates for decreased cardiac
output?
- A) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
- B) Increased heart rate
- C) Decreased renal retention of water
©2024/2025
, - D) Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity
Answer: B) Increased heart rate
Rationale: The body compensates for decreased
cardiac output in heart failure by increasing heart rate to
maintain adequate circulation.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. Question: In chronic kidney disease, the buildup of
waste products in the blood is known as _______.
Answer: Uremia
Rationale: Uremia refers to the accumulation of urea
and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, due to
impaired kidney function.
5. Question: The process by which cancer cells spread
from the place they first formed to another part of the body
is known as _______.
Answer: Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer
cells through the blood or lymph system from the primary
site to other areas of the body.
### True/False Questions
6. Question: True or False: Increased preload decreases
myocardial oxygen demand.
Answer: False
Rationale: Increased preload leads to increased
©2024/2025
