BIOD101
M4 :Cell cycle & Inheritance
LATEST EXAM READINESS
GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell
prepare for DNA replication?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: A. G1 phase
Rationale: The G1 phase, or Gap 1 phase, is when the
cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, which occurs
in the subsequent S phase.
2. What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?
A. Diploid gametes
B. Haploid gametes
C. Polyploid gametes
D. Aneuploid gametes
Correct Answer: D. Aneuploid gametes
Rationale: Nondisjunction leads to gametes with an
abnormal number of chromosomes, known as aneuploidy,
due to the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister
chromatids to separate properly.
3. Which of the following best describes the principle of
independent assortment?
A. Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells
independently of one another.
B. Alleles for the same trait separate during gamete
formation.
C. Alleles for different traits separate during DNA
replication.
D. Alleles for the same trait are distributed to sex cells
©2024/2025
,independently of one another.
Correct Answer: A. Alleles for different traits are
distributed to sex cells independently of one another.
Rationale: The principle of independent assortment states
that the distribution of alleles for different genes is random
and independent of each other during the formation of
gametes.
4. In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at
the cell's equatorial plate?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Correct Answer: B. Metaphase
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes align at the
metaphase plate, or the equatorial plate, in preparation for
their separation into daughter cells.
5. What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in
terms of genetic diversity?
A. Mitosis results in genetically identical cells, while
meiosis promotes genetic diversity.
B. Mitosis promotes genetic diversity, while meiosis
results in genetically identical cells.
C. Both mitosis and meiosis result in genetically diverse
cells.
D. Both mitosis and meiosis result in genetically identical
cells.
Correct Answer: A. Mitosis results in genetically identical
cells, while meiosis promotes genetic diversity.
Rationale: Mitosis produces two genetically identical
daughter cells, whereas meiosis includes processes like
©2024/2025
, crossing over and independent assortment, which increase
genetic variation.
6. Which process during meiosis contributes to genetic
recombination?
A. DNA replication
B. Cytokinesis
C. Crossing over
D. Chromosome condensation
Correct Answer: C. Crossing over
Rationale: Crossing over, which occurs during prophase I
of meiosis, allows for the exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic
recombination.
7. How does the law of segregation relate to the behavior of
chromosomes during meiosis?
A. It states that chromosomes segregate independently
during meiosis.
B. It states that each gamete receives only one
chromosome from each pair.
C. It states that chromosomes replicate independently
before meiosis.
D. It states that each gamete receives two chromosomes
from each pair.
Correct Answer: B. Each gamete receives only one
chromosome from each pair.
Rationale: The law of segregation explains that during
meiosis, the two alleles for each gene separate, so each
gamete inherits only one allele from each pair of
homologous chromosomes.
8. What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
©2024/2025
M4 :Cell cycle & Inheritance
LATEST EXAM READINESS
GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell
prepare for DNA replication?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: A. G1 phase
Rationale: The G1 phase, or Gap 1 phase, is when the
cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, which occurs
in the subsequent S phase.
2. What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?
A. Diploid gametes
B. Haploid gametes
C. Polyploid gametes
D. Aneuploid gametes
Correct Answer: D. Aneuploid gametes
Rationale: Nondisjunction leads to gametes with an
abnormal number of chromosomes, known as aneuploidy,
due to the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister
chromatids to separate properly.
3. Which of the following best describes the principle of
independent assortment?
A. Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells
independently of one another.
B. Alleles for the same trait separate during gamete
formation.
C. Alleles for different traits separate during DNA
replication.
D. Alleles for the same trait are distributed to sex cells
©2024/2025
,independently of one another.
Correct Answer: A. Alleles for different traits are
distributed to sex cells independently of one another.
Rationale: The principle of independent assortment states
that the distribution of alleles for different genes is random
and independent of each other during the formation of
gametes.
4. In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at
the cell's equatorial plate?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Correct Answer: B. Metaphase
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes align at the
metaphase plate, or the equatorial plate, in preparation for
their separation into daughter cells.
5. What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in
terms of genetic diversity?
A. Mitosis results in genetically identical cells, while
meiosis promotes genetic diversity.
B. Mitosis promotes genetic diversity, while meiosis
results in genetically identical cells.
C. Both mitosis and meiosis result in genetically diverse
cells.
D. Both mitosis and meiosis result in genetically identical
cells.
Correct Answer: A. Mitosis results in genetically identical
cells, while meiosis promotes genetic diversity.
Rationale: Mitosis produces two genetically identical
daughter cells, whereas meiosis includes processes like
©2024/2025
, crossing over and independent assortment, which increase
genetic variation.
6. Which process during meiosis contributes to genetic
recombination?
A. DNA replication
B. Cytokinesis
C. Crossing over
D. Chromosome condensation
Correct Answer: C. Crossing over
Rationale: Crossing over, which occurs during prophase I
of meiosis, allows for the exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic
recombination.
7. How does the law of segregation relate to the behavior of
chromosomes during meiosis?
A. It states that chromosomes segregate independently
during meiosis.
B. It states that each gamete receives only one
chromosome from each pair.
C. It states that chromosomes replicate independently
before meiosis.
D. It states that each gamete receives two chromosomes
from each pair.
Correct Answer: B. Each gamete receives only one
chromosome from each pair.
Rationale: The law of segregation explains that during
meiosis, the two alleles for each gene separate, so each
gamete inherits only one allele from each pair of
homologous chromosomes.
8. What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
©2024/2025
