PCCN CARDIAC EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 240 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Calculate the cardiac output for a pt with a HR of 70 and a SV of 65 ml. - ANSWERHR
X SV=CO
70 X 65= 4550
4.6 L/min
Calculate the cardiac output for a pt with a HR of 70 and a SV of 65 ml.
HR X SV=CO - ANSWERHR X SV=CO
70 X 65= 4550
4.6 L/min
What % of the cardiac cycle is provided by the atrial kick?
• 15%
• 20%
• 30%
• 35% - ANSWER20%
Atrial kick is a term that represents the amount of the total CO that is supplied via atrial
contraction.
If the pt has a condition or dysrhythmia that impairs or eliminates the atrial contraction,
the pt may be compromised.
Atrial Kick - ANSWERAtrial kick is a term that represents the amount of the total CO
that is supplied via atrial contraction.
A normal value for an EF would be?
• 65%
• 40%
• 30%
• 25% - ANSWER65%
,The EF should be more than 50%. It represents the amount of blood ejected from the
left ventricle compared to the total amount available, expressed as a %. An EF of 35%
or less indicates a problem with contractility, outflow or filling.
EXA: If the ventricle contains 90ml of blood and 50mls are ejected, the amount would
be expressed as a %, in this case 55%.
A 67 year old male is admitted with chest pain after collapsing at home. He is arguing
with his wife that he should not be admitted because he "just over did it" while working
in the world. Lee's wife states to you that his chest pain is more frequent, severe and
prolonged than before. You should anticipate what diagnosis?
• Exertional angina
• Unstable angina
• Variant angina
• Stable angina - ANSWERUNSTABLE ANGINA
The change in quality, frequency, and duration indicates UNSTABLE ANGINA and may
indicate that the pt is at increased risk for an MI. This pt should be closely monitored for
EKG changes and rhythm disturbances. Pt/ family teaching should begin on how to
identify an MI and basic CPR.
Stroke Volume is comprised of which of the following factors?
• Blood volume, viscosity, impedance
• Cardiac output, HR, compliance
• Contractility, preload, afterload
• Compliance, impedance, HR - ANSWERContractility, preload and afterload
A reflex tachycardia caused by the stretch of the right atrial receptors is known as the
____
• Herring-Sines law
• Renin-angiotensin system
• Starling's law
• Bainbridge reflex - ANSWERBAINBRIDGE REFLEX
It is believed that this reflex exists to speed up the HR if the right side becomes
overloaded, thereby helping equalize pressures on both sides
Diastole comprises what & of the cardiac cycle?
•½
• 2/3
•¼
• 1/3 - ANSWER2/3
Some people that the heart is virtually static during diastole.
During this period, the cardiac vessels and chambers fill—a process that takes up 2/3s
of the time necessary to complete the cardiac cycle
,What is the MAP (mean arterial pressure) for pt:
BP 120/70
HR 80 - ANSWERMAP=2(DBP) + (SBP)/3
MAP=2(70) + 120/3
MAP=260/3
MAP=86.6
Pts should maintain a MAP of at least 60 to ensure adequate perfusion to the brain and
kidneys.
What is the MAP (mean arterial pressure) for pt:
BP 120/70
HR 80
MAP=2(DBP) + (SBP)/3 - ANSWERMAP=2(70) + 120/3
MAP=260/3
MAP=86.6
Pts should maintain a MAP of at least 60 to ensure adequate perfusion to the brain and
kidneys.
Calculate CI (cardiac index)
HR 80
BP 110/70
SV 60
BSA 2.0 m2
Expressed in L/min/m2 - ANSWERCI=CO/BSA
CO=HR X SV
CO=80 X 60
CI=4800/2.0
CI=2400
CI=2.4 L/min/m2
Calculate CI (cardiac index)
HR 80
BP 110/70
SV 60
BSA 2.0 m2
Expressed in L/min/m2
CI=CO/BSA - ANSWERCI=CO/BSA
CO=HR X SV
CO=80 X 60
CI=4800/2.0
CI=2400
CI=2.4 L/min/m2
, The resistance against which the right ventricle must work to eject its volume is known
as
• Resting heart pressure
• Systemic vascular pressure
• Central venous pressure
• Pulmonary vascular resistance - ANSWERPulmonary Vascular Resistance
This pressure represents a mean pressure in the systemic vasculature. The higher the
resistance, the harder the heart has to work against it.
EXA: Colder temperatures will cause vasoconstriction; the heart then has to pump
harder to deliver blood through the narrowed vasculature.
Mr. Ironclaw lives on a nearby Indian Reservation. He is retired and on a fixed income
with no insurance. He is being discharged today after an observational stay for Chest
Pain. In planning his discharge care, which of the following should be considered FIRST
to increase compliance with plan of care once home?
• Arrange for Home Health 1X/week
• Ask doc to consider an OTC antiplatelet medication
• Schedule his follow-up appt with the cardiologist in 3 months
• Suggest a gym membership - ANSWERASK DOC TO CONSIDER AN OTC
ANTIPLATELET MEDICATION
Although he may wish to be compliant with plan of care at home, financial limitations
may prohibit him from expensive treatments, meds, and support services.
William was diagnosed with unstable angina. He is scheduled for an exercise stress
test. He tells you he has a "bad hip" and an old knee injury that makes it difficult for him
to walk or stand for more than 20 minutes. You tell him:
• You only need to walk for 10 minutes
• You can ride a bike for 20 minutes instead
• I will call the doc and ask for the Weight-life test instead
• I will call the doc and ask for a stress echocardiography test instead - ANSWERI WILL
CALL THE DOC AND ASK FOR A STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TEST INSTEAD
The exercise stress test requires the pt to walk on a treadmill or stationary bike for 30-
60 minutes.
The Stress Echocardiography test uses Dobutamine to stress the cardiac tissues
without requiring the pt to walk or ride.
The Weight lift test does not exist.
Approximately what % of coronary artery blockage is needed to cause angina?
• 45%
• 60%
• 75%
• 90% - ANSWER75%
EXAM COMPLETE 240 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Calculate the cardiac output for a pt with a HR of 70 and a SV of 65 ml. - ANSWERHR
X SV=CO
70 X 65= 4550
4.6 L/min
Calculate the cardiac output for a pt with a HR of 70 and a SV of 65 ml.
HR X SV=CO - ANSWERHR X SV=CO
70 X 65= 4550
4.6 L/min
What % of the cardiac cycle is provided by the atrial kick?
• 15%
• 20%
• 30%
• 35% - ANSWER20%
Atrial kick is a term that represents the amount of the total CO that is supplied via atrial
contraction.
If the pt has a condition or dysrhythmia that impairs or eliminates the atrial contraction,
the pt may be compromised.
Atrial Kick - ANSWERAtrial kick is a term that represents the amount of the total CO
that is supplied via atrial contraction.
A normal value for an EF would be?
• 65%
• 40%
• 30%
• 25% - ANSWER65%
,The EF should be more than 50%. It represents the amount of blood ejected from the
left ventricle compared to the total amount available, expressed as a %. An EF of 35%
or less indicates a problem with contractility, outflow or filling.
EXA: If the ventricle contains 90ml of blood and 50mls are ejected, the amount would
be expressed as a %, in this case 55%.
A 67 year old male is admitted with chest pain after collapsing at home. He is arguing
with his wife that he should not be admitted because he "just over did it" while working
in the world. Lee's wife states to you that his chest pain is more frequent, severe and
prolonged than before. You should anticipate what diagnosis?
• Exertional angina
• Unstable angina
• Variant angina
• Stable angina - ANSWERUNSTABLE ANGINA
The change in quality, frequency, and duration indicates UNSTABLE ANGINA and may
indicate that the pt is at increased risk for an MI. This pt should be closely monitored for
EKG changes and rhythm disturbances. Pt/ family teaching should begin on how to
identify an MI and basic CPR.
Stroke Volume is comprised of which of the following factors?
• Blood volume, viscosity, impedance
• Cardiac output, HR, compliance
• Contractility, preload, afterload
• Compliance, impedance, HR - ANSWERContractility, preload and afterload
A reflex tachycardia caused by the stretch of the right atrial receptors is known as the
____
• Herring-Sines law
• Renin-angiotensin system
• Starling's law
• Bainbridge reflex - ANSWERBAINBRIDGE REFLEX
It is believed that this reflex exists to speed up the HR if the right side becomes
overloaded, thereby helping equalize pressures on both sides
Diastole comprises what & of the cardiac cycle?
•½
• 2/3
•¼
• 1/3 - ANSWER2/3
Some people that the heart is virtually static during diastole.
During this period, the cardiac vessels and chambers fill—a process that takes up 2/3s
of the time necessary to complete the cardiac cycle
,What is the MAP (mean arterial pressure) for pt:
BP 120/70
HR 80 - ANSWERMAP=2(DBP) + (SBP)/3
MAP=2(70) + 120/3
MAP=260/3
MAP=86.6
Pts should maintain a MAP of at least 60 to ensure adequate perfusion to the brain and
kidneys.
What is the MAP (mean arterial pressure) for pt:
BP 120/70
HR 80
MAP=2(DBP) + (SBP)/3 - ANSWERMAP=2(70) + 120/3
MAP=260/3
MAP=86.6
Pts should maintain a MAP of at least 60 to ensure adequate perfusion to the brain and
kidneys.
Calculate CI (cardiac index)
HR 80
BP 110/70
SV 60
BSA 2.0 m2
Expressed in L/min/m2 - ANSWERCI=CO/BSA
CO=HR X SV
CO=80 X 60
CI=4800/2.0
CI=2400
CI=2.4 L/min/m2
Calculate CI (cardiac index)
HR 80
BP 110/70
SV 60
BSA 2.0 m2
Expressed in L/min/m2
CI=CO/BSA - ANSWERCI=CO/BSA
CO=HR X SV
CO=80 X 60
CI=4800/2.0
CI=2400
CI=2.4 L/min/m2
, The resistance against which the right ventricle must work to eject its volume is known
as
• Resting heart pressure
• Systemic vascular pressure
• Central venous pressure
• Pulmonary vascular resistance - ANSWERPulmonary Vascular Resistance
This pressure represents a mean pressure in the systemic vasculature. The higher the
resistance, the harder the heart has to work against it.
EXA: Colder temperatures will cause vasoconstriction; the heart then has to pump
harder to deliver blood through the narrowed vasculature.
Mr. Ironclaw lives on a nearby Indian Reservation. He is retired and on a fixed income
with no insurance. He is being discharged today after an observational stay for Chest
Pain. In planning his discharge care, which of the following should be considered FIRST
to increase compliance with plan of care once home?
• Arrange for Home Health 1X/week
• Ask doc to consider an OTC antiplatelet medication
• Schedule his follow-up appt with the cardiologist in 3 months
• Suggest a gym membership - ANSWERASK DOC TO CONSIDER AN OTC
ANTIPLATELET MEDICATION
Although he may wish to be compliant with plan of care at home, financial limitations
may prohibit him from expensive treatments, meds, and support services.
William was diagnosed with unstable angina. He is scheduled for an exercise stress
test. He tells you he has a "bad hip" and an old knee injury that makes it difficult for him
to walk or stand for more than 20 minutes. You tell him:
• You only need to walk for 10 minutes
• You can ride a bike for 20 minutes instead
• I will call the doc and ask for the Weight-life test instead
• I will call the doc and ask for a stress echocardiography test instead - ANSWERI WILL
CALL THE DOC AND ASK FOR A STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TEST INSTEAD
The exercise stress test requires the pt to walk on a treadmill or stationary bike for 30-
60 minutes.
The Stress Echocardiography test uses Dobutamine to stress the cardiac tissues
without requiring the pt to walk or ride.
The Weight lift test does not exist.
Approximately what % of coronary artery blockage is needed to cause angina?
• 45%
• 60%
• 75%
• 90% - ANSWER75%
