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APEA 3P Pathophysiology - Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat/study guide/verified 100%

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APEA 3P Pathophysiology - Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat/study guide/verified 100%APEA 3P Pathophysiology - Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat/study guide/verified 100% auricular hematoma - correct answers-bleeding in the auricular cartilege cause: direct, blunt trauma commonly seen in wrestlers, boxers, MMA fighters tx: hematoma needs drained or it can result in cauliflower ear avulsed tooth - correct answers-considered a dental emergency for permanent teeth the sooner the avulsed tooth is reimplanted, the better the outcome tx: -avoid touching the root, handle only the crown -rinse tooth in normal saline, irrigate the socket with normal saline -reimplant the tooth -have the pt bite down on gauze and refer to dentist as soon as possible -store the tooth in cold milk or saline or store inside the cheek (buccal sulcus) if unable to reimplant basilar skull fracture - correct answers-temporal bone is commonly fractured - linear fracture is most common followed by depressed and basilar skull fractures causes: falls, assaults, car collisions, penetrating missiles s/s: periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes), mastoid ecchymosis (Battle sign) appear in 1-3 days following trauma; physical exam does not show these signs immediately assessment: -clear rhinorrhea or otorrhea (discharge from ear or nose suggesting CSF leak) -hemotympanum (blue-purple color of tympanic membrane [TM]) caused by blood accumulation in the middle ear tx: refer to ED cholesteatoma - correct answers-collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear s/s: can be asymptomatic; may complain of hearing loss and intermittent otorrhea from one ear that is purulent and foul smelling on exam, there is perforation of the TM on the superior quadrant and a cauliflower-like or pearly-white mass. another presentation is an intact TM with missing landmarks and white mass visible behind the TM. risks: hx of chronic or recurrent otitis media infection. considerations: mass is not cancerous but can erode into the bones of the face and damage the facial nerve (CN VII) tx: antibiotics and surgical excision/repair refer to otolaryngologist diptheria - correct answers-infectious disease caused by gram-positive bacillus Corynebacterium diphtheriae - very contagious - contact prophylaxis required s/s: sore throat, malaise, low-grade fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, possible swelling of submandibular region and anterior neck (bull neck) in 1/3 of cases, posterior pharynx, tonsils, uvula and soft palate are coated with gray to yellow pseudomembrane that is hard to displace tx: refer to ED bull neck - correct answers-swelling of the submandibular region and anterior neck associated with di

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APEA 3P Pathophysiology -
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Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat/study g
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uide/verified 100% ud

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causes:udfalls,udassaults,udcarudcollisions,udpenetratingudmissiles

, s/s:udperiorbitaludecchymosisud(raccoonudeyes),udmastoidudecchymosisud(Battleudsign)udappear
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3uddaysudfollowingudtrauma;udphysicaludexamuddoesudnotudshowudtheseudsignsudimmediately

assessment:ud
-clearudrhinorrheaudorudotorrheaud(dischargeudfromudearudorudnoseudsuggestingudCSFudleak)
-hemotympanumud(blue-
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dleudear

tx:udreferudtoudED
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collectionudofudskinudcellsudandudcholesteroludinudaudsacudwithinudtheudmiddleudear

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tx:udantibioticsudandudsurgicaludexcision/repair
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positiveudbacillusudCorynebacteriumuddiphtheriaeud-udveryudcontagiousud-
udcontactudprophylaxisudrequired

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