NU643 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

NU643 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Amygdala - Answer-controls anxiety/fear/worry - anxiety d/o, phobias, PTSD, result from malfunctions w/n these circuits. Flight or fight - motor response - PAG (periaqueductal gray) located in brain stem Locus Coeruleus - Answer-Home of noradrenergic cell bodies Autonomic response Inc BP, Inc HR, Inc RR, - Prolonged activation = inc risk of atherosclerosis, MI, CAD, Stroke, fear amygdala. - Answer-Motor response = brain stem(periaqueductal gray) - fight or flight Endocrine response = hypothalamus Fear conditioning - Answer-associate feat with neutral stimulus VMPFC and hippocampus info passes to amygdala Amygdala can remember stimuli w/ glutamate transmission Glutamate - Answer-inhibitory stimuli conditioned-fear response - Answer-Memories do not get erased but can be rewired EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 2/9 Anxiety can be suppressed but IS NOT REMOVED ENTIRELY Fear extinction - Answer-progressive reduction of response to stimuli to reduce symptoms first-line treatment for GAD - Answer-SSRIs, SNRIs d/t prolonged effectivness - BZ can be used for acute symptoms until effective Buspar (serotonin) - Answer-5HT1a affects - Post synaptincally - decreases 5HT activity- Can help with relaxation - FDA for GAD clonidine and propranolol - Answer-To tx physical response - decreased BP, HR - monitor VS for safety To reduce risk of falls, syncope issues when your BP or HR get low. Typically used during the day...avoid at night to minimize risk of hypotension. Avoid with eating DO as hydration can be an issue Buspirone/anxiety D/O - Answer-GAD - indicated GAD Used in other type in practice...but FDA indicated in benzodiazepine GABA - Answer-Inhibitory - influx of Cl - decreases anxiety SSRI/SNRI - Answer-Zoloft, paxil, prozac - not mentioned in discussion but is also used for anxiety as well as MDD hydroxyzine - Answer-1. alcohol dependence and anxiety disorder. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 3/9 Antihistamine affect Calms withdrawal s/s in ETOH dependence, insomnia, and anxiety Can be used short term - use like you use BZ - gradual taper short- and long-acting benzodiazepine risk - Answer-LT use - increase risk of dementia - on long acting - valium more strongly associated with dementia. Beer's Criteria - avoid prescribing Long acting, long term use to minimize dementia abrupt benzo cessation - Answer-Abrupt cessation = withdrawal, SZ, psychosis oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) s/e - Answer-hyponatremia benzodiazepines with mood stabilizers - Answer-Short ter