Mometrix: TEAS Book
Phospholipid correct answers a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural
component in cell membranes
Transport protein correct answers A protein that moves substances or wastes through
the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol) correct answers A jellylike fluid inside a cell in which the organelles
are suspended
Organelle correct answers A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within
the cell
DNA correct answers A complex molecule containing the genetic information that
makes up the chromosomes
RNA correct answers A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic
messages
Nucleic acid correct answers a complex organic substance present in living cells,
especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long
chain
Cell membrane correct answers The semipermeable membrane surrounding the
cytoplasm of a cell
Mitochondria correct answers An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy (ATP) production occur
Chloroplast correct answers An organelle found in cells of plants and some other
organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Asexual reproduction correct answers A process of reproduction involving a single
parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Sexual reproduction correct answers A reproductive process that involves two parents
that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both
parents
Tissue correct answers A group of similar cells that perform a specific function
,Organ correct answers A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of
the body
Nucleus correct answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible
for growth and reproduction
Chromosome correct answers A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found
in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Eukaryotic cell correct answers A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles
Nuclear envelope correct answers A double membrane perforated with pores that
controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus
Nucleoplasm correct answers Fluid inside the nucleus
Nucleolus correct answers Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Nuclear pores correct answers Structures in the nuclear envelope that allow passage of
certain materials between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm
Chromatin correct answers Consists of the DNA and protein that make up
chromosomes
Protein synthesis correct answers The formation of proteins by using information
contained in DNA and carried by RNA
Two phases; transcription and translation
Transcription correct answers The organic process where the DNA sequence in a gene
is copied into RNA
Translation correct answers The process where genetic information coded in RNA
directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Lipid correct answers A macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms;
includes fats, oils, and waxes
Phospholipid bilayer correct answers A two-layered arrangement of phospholipids that
form a cell membrane
The hydrophobic lipid ends face inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends face
outward
Cholesterol correct answers A lipid in the cell membrane that adds stiffness and
flexibility
,Glycolipid correct answers A lipid that helps the cell recognize other cells of the
organism
Protein correct answers An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of
amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Filaments of cytoskeleton correct answers Proteins inside the cell that gives it structure
Selective permeability correct answers A property of a plasma membrane that allows
some substances to cross more easily than others
Vesicle correct answers A small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving
products into, out of, and within a cell
Ribosome correct answers Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) correct answers A membrane-enclosed
cellular organelle with ribosomes attached to its outer surface where proteins are
synthesized
Golgi apparatus (complex) correct answers A cell organelle that helps make and
package materials such as proteins to be transported out of the cell
Vacuole correct answers A cell organelle that is used for storage, digestion, and waste
removal
Cytoskeleton correct answers A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Microtubules correct answers Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike
structure that shape and support the cell
Cell energy correct answers ATP produced by mitochondria
Cell signaling correct answers The process of cell-to-cell communication mediated by
signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Cellular differentiation correct answers The process by which a cell becomes
specialized in order to perform a specific function
Cell cycle and growth regulation correct answers The process whereby the cell gets
ready to reproduce and reproduces
Four functions of mitochondria correct answers Cell energy production, cell signaling,
cellular differentiation, and cell cycle and growth regulation
, Matrix correct answers The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion containing the
mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) correct answers DNA found in the mitochondria
Cristae correct answers The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion where
energy is released, cellular water level is controlled, and proteins and fats are recycled
and created
Aerobic respiration correct answers Respiration that requires oxygen
Centrosome correct answers Comprised of two centrioles located at right angles to
each other and surrounded by protein and is involved in mitosis and the cell cycle
Centrioles correct answers Cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are
involved in cellular division
Lysosome correct answers Cell organelle filled with enzymes that digests proteins,
lipids, and carbohydrates and transports undigested substances to the cell membrane
to be removed
Cilia correct answers Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and
are used for locomotion
Flagella correct answers A long, whip-like filament that helps a cell move
Cell cycle correct answers The regular sequence of growth and division that cells
undergo including duplication of genetic material
Mitosis correct answers Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes and creates an identical replica of the parent
Meiosis correct answers Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms and creates a genetically unique daughter cell of the parent
Gastrulation correct answers The process by which a blastula develops into a gastrula
with the formation of three embryonic layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Ectoderm correct answers The outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous
tissue
Mesoderm correct answers The middle germ layer that develops into muscles, and
much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
Endoderm correct answers The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the
digestive and respiratory systems
Phospholipid correct answers a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural
component in cell membranes
Transport protein correct answers A protein that moves substances or wastes through
the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol) correct answers A jellylike fluid inside a cell in which the organelles
are suspended
Organelle correct answers A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within
the cell
DNA correct answers A complex molecule containing the genetic information that
makes up the chromosomes
RNA correct answers A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic
messages
Nucleic acid correct answers a complex organic substance present in living cells,
especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long
chain
Cell membrane correct answers The semipermeable membrane surrounding the
cytoplasm of a cell
Mitochondria correct answers An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy (ATP) production occur
Chloroplast correct answers An organelle found in cells of plants and some other
organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Asexual reproduction correct answers A process of reproduction involving a single
parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Sexual reproduction correct answers A reproductive process that involves two parents
that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both
parents
Tissue correct answers A group of similar cells that perform a specific function
,Organ correct answers A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of
the body
Nucleus correct answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible
for growth and reproduction
Chromosome correct answers A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found
in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Eukaryotic cell correct answers A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles
Nuclear envelope correct answers A double membrane perforated with pores that
controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus
Nucleoplasm correct answers Fluid inside the nucleus
Nucleolus correct answers Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Nuclear pores correct answers Structures in the nuclear envelope that allow passage of
certain materials between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm
Chromatin correct answers Consists of the DNA and protein that make up
chromosomes
Protein synthesis correct answers The formation of proteins by using information
contained in DNA and carried by RNA
Two phases; transcription and translation
Transcription correct answers The organic process where the DNA sequence in a gene
is copied into RNA
Translation correct answers The process where genetic information coded in RNA
directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Lipid correct answers A macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms;
includes fats, oils, and waxes
Phospholipid bilayer correct answers A two-layered arrangement of phospholipids that
form a cell membrane
The hydrophobic lipid ends face inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends face
outward
Cholesterol correct answers A lipid in the cell membrane that adds stiffness and
flexibility
,Glycolipid correct answers A lipid that helps the cell recognize other cells of the
organism
Protein correct answers An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of
amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Filaments of cytoskeleton correct answers Proteins inside the cell that gives it structure
Selective permeability correct answers A property of a plasma membrane that allows
some substances to cross more easily than others
Vesicle correct answers A small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving
products into, out of, and within a cell
Ribosome correct answers Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) correct answers A membrane-enclosed
cellular organelle with ribosomes attached to its outer surface where proteins are
synthesized
Golgi apparatus (complex) correct answers A cell organelle that helps make and
package materials such as proteins to be transported out of the cell
Vacuole correct answers A cell organelle that is used for storage, digestion, and waste
removal
Cytoskeleton correct answers A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the
cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Microtubules correct answers Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike
structure that shape and support the cell
Cell energy correct answers ATP produced by mitochondria
Cell signaling correct answers The process of cell-to-cell communication mediated by
signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Cellular differentiation correct answers The process by which a cell becomes
specialized in order to perform a specific function
Cell cycle and growth regulation correct answers The process whereby the cell gets
ready to reproduce and reproduces
Four functions of mitochondria correct answers Cell energy production, cell signaling,
cellular differentiation, and cell cycle and growth regulation
, Matrix correct answers The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion containing the
mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) correct answers DNA found in the mitochondria
Cristae correct answers The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion where
energy is released, cellular water level is controlled, and proteins and fats are recycled
and created
Aerobic respiration correct answers Respiration that requires oxygen
Centrosome correct answers Comprised of two centrioles located at right angles to
each other and surrounded by protein and is involved in mitosis and the cell cycle
Centrioles correct answers Cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are
involved in cellular division
Lysosome correct answers Cell organelle filled with enzymes that digests proteins,
lipids, and carbohydrates and transports undigested substances to the cell membrane
to be removed
Cilia correct answers Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and
are used for locomotion
Flagella correct answers A long, whip-like filament that helps a cell move
Cell cycle correct answers The regular sequence of growth and division that cells
undergo including duplication of genetic material
Mitosis correct answers Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes and creates an identical replica of the parent
Meiosis correct answers Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms and creates a genetically unique daughter cell of the parent
Gastrulation correct answers The process by which a blastula develops into a gastrula
with the formation of three embryonic layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Ectoderm correct answers The outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous
tissue
Mesoderm correct answers The middle germ layer that develops into muscles, and
much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
Endoderm correct answers The inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the
digestive and respiratory systems
