BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+

BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+ Artificial Intelligence (AI) - correct answers--Subfield of Computer Science studies the thought processes of humans and recreates the effects of those processes via machines, such as computers and robots. -Behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be considered intelligent. Turing Test (Alice, CleverBot) - correct answers--Alan Turing, British AI pioneer -The Imitation Game (2014) How AI works - correct answers--creates perspectives -understands languages and its nuances -learns from experiences -solves complex problems -uses the learning to reason -recognizes images The Components of Expert Systems - correct answers-1. Knowledge Base 2. Inference Engine 3. User Interface Knowledge Base - correct answers--Facts: e.g., the problem situation. -Rules: direct use of knowledge to solve specific problems in a particular domain. -Rules are typically structured as If/Then statements of the form: Inference Engine - correct answers--a computer program (written using a high-level programming language) that provides a methodology for reasoning and formulating conclusions. -the main processing element of the expert system. -It is responsible for gathering the information from the user, by asking various questions and applying it wherever necessary User Interface - correct answers--dialogue between the user and the computer triggers the inference engine to match the problem symptoms with the knowledge contained in the knowledge base and then generate advice. Benefits of Expert Systems - correct answers--Accessibility to Knowledge and Help Desks -Reliability •ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. -Ability to Work with Incomplete or Uncertain Information -Provision of Training •The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers--Enhancement of Decision-making and Problem-solving Capabilities •ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into the analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). -Decreased Decision-Making Time -Reduced Downtime •ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers-1. Increased output and productivity: ESs can configure components for each custom order, increasing production capabilities. 2. Increased quality: ESs can provide consistent advice and reduce error rates. 3. Capture and dissemination of scarce expertise: Expertise from anywhere in the world can be obtained and used. 4. Operation in hazardous environments: Sensors can collect information that an ES interprets, enabling human workers to avoid hot, humid, or toxic environments. 5. Accessibility to knowledge and help desks: ESs can increase the productivity of help desk employees, or even automate this function. 6. Reliability: ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. 7. Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information: Even with an answer of "don't know," an ES can produce an answer, although it may not be a definite one. 8. Provision of training: The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. 9. Enhancement of decision-making and problem-solving capabilities: ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). 10. Decreased decision-making time: ESs usually can make faster decisions than humans working alone. 11. Reduced downtime: ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Difficulties of Using Expert Systems - correct answers--Transferring domain expertise from human experts to the expert system can be difficult because people cannot always explain what they know -Even if the domain experts can explain their entire reasoning process, automating that process may not be possible -In some contexts, there is a potential liability from the use of expert systems. Expert Systems: Expert, Computer,User - correct answers-1. Knowledge Acquisition 2. Knowledge Representation 3. Knowledge Inferencing 4. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge Acquisition - correct answers--Knowledge is acquired from domain experts or from documented sources. Knowledge Representation - correct answers--Acquired knowledge is organized as rules or frames (object-oriented) and stored electronically in a knowledge base. Knowledge Inferencing - correct answers--The computer is programmed so that it can make inferences based on the stored knowledge. Knowledge Transfer - correct answers--The inferenced expertise is transferred to the user in the form of a recommendation. Machine Learning Systems - correct answers-Artificial intelligence systems that learn from data. - Optical character recognition: Printed, handwritten characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples. -Example: It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images. OCR software can be used to convert a physical paper document or an image into an accessible electronic version with text. - Face recognition: Identify faces in images. - Topic identification: Categorize news articles as to whether they are about politics, sports, entertainment, and so on. - Fraud detection: Identify credit card transactions that may be fraudulent. - Customer segmentation: Identity which customers may respond positively to a particular promotion. Neural Networks - correct answers-A system of programs and data structures that simulates the underlying functions of the biological brain. Examples of the Use of Neural Networks: -Bruce Nuclear Facility (Ontario, Canada) -Research into Diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, etc.) -Banking System Fraud Detection Business Transactions - correct answers-A transaction always happens between, at least, two organizations: -Buyer and seller, no business operates in isolation -Businesses contain many examples of networks of individuals and organizations that collaborate to create value and wealth. These networks work together in markets that exchange assets in the form of goods and services between the participants. The assets could be: Tangible - house, products, cash Intangible - mortgage, services, online music/video Transactions could happen in: open market (auction) closed market (supply chain) Businesses agree on Contracts, which set conditions of transactions What is a Ledger - correct answers-a system of records for a business -transactions are always recorded in the ledger -in the selling organization, a transaction removes assets from the ledger -in the buying organization, a transact BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+ Artificial Intelligence (AI) - correct answers--Subfield of Computer Science studies the thought processes of humans and recreates the effects of those processes via machines, such as computers and robots. -Behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be considered intelligent. Turing Test (Alice, CleverBot) - correct answers--Alan Turing, British AI pioneer -The Imitation Game (2014) How AI works - correct answers--creates perspectives -understands languages and its nuances -learns from experiences -solves complex problems -uses the learning to reason -recognizes images The Components of Expert Systems - correct answers-1. Knowledge Base 2. Inference Engine 3. User Interface Knowledge Base - correct answers--Facts: e.g., the problem situation. -Rules: direct use of knowledge to solve specific problems in a particular domain. -Rules are typically structured as If/Then statements of the form: Inference Engine - correct answers--a computer program (written using a high-level programming language) that provides a methodology for reasoning and formulating conclusions. -the main processing element of the expert system. -It is responsible for gathering the information from the user, by asking various questions and applying it wherever necessary User Interface - correct answers--dialogue between the user and the computer triggers the inference engine to match the problem symptoms with the knowledge contained in the knowledge base and then generate advice. Benefits of Expert Systems - correct answers--Accessibility to Knowledge and Help Desks -Reliability •ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. -Ability to Work with Incomplete or Uncertain Information -Provision of Training •The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers--Enhancement of Decision-making and Problem-solving Capabilities •ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into the analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). -Decreased Decision-Making Time -Reduced Downtime •ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers-1. Increased output and productivity: ESs can configure components for each custom order, increasing production capabilities. 2. Increased quality: ESs can provide consistent advice and reduce error rates. 3. Capture and dissemination of scarce expertise: Expertise from anywhere in the world can be obtained and used. 4. Operation in hazardous environments: Sensors can collect information that an ES interprets, enabling human workers to avoid hot, humid, or toxic environments. 5. Accessibility to knowledge and help desks: ESs can increase the productivity of help desk employees, or even automate this function. 6. Reliability: ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. 7. Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information: Even with an answer of "don't know," an ES can produce an answer, although it may not be a definite one. 8. Provision of training: The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. 9. Enhancement of decision-making and problem-solving capabilities: ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). 10. Decreased decision-making time: ESs usually can make faster decisions than humans working alone. 11. Reduced downtime: ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Difficulties of Using Expert Systems - correct answers--Transferring domain expertise from human experts to the expert system can be difficult because people cannot always explain what they know -Even if the domain experts can explain their entire reasoning process, automating that process may not be possible -In some contexts, there is a potential liability from the use of expert systems. Expert Systems: Expert, Computer,User - correct answers-1. Knowledge Acquisition 2. Knowledge Representation 3. Knowledge Inferencing 4. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge Acquisition - correct answers--Knowledge is acquired from domain experts or from documented sources. Knowledge Representation - correct answers--Acquired knowledge is organized as rules or frames (object-oriented) and stored electronically in a knowledge base. Knowledge Inferencing - correct answers--The computer is programmed so that it can make inferences based on the stored knowledge. Knowledge Transfer - correct answers--The inferenced expertise is transferred to the user in the form of a recommendation. Machine Learning Systems - correct answers-Artificial intelligence systems that learn from data. - Optical character recognition: Printed, handwritten characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples. -Example: It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images. OCR software can be used to convert a physical paper document or an image into an accessible electronic version with text. - Face recognition: Identify faces in images. - Topic identification: Categorize news articles as to whether they are about politics, sports, entertainment, and so on. - Fraud detection: Identify credit card transactions that may be fraudulent. - Customer segmentation: Identity which customers may respond positively to a particular promotion. Neural Networks - correct answers-A system of programs and data structures that simulates the underlying functions of the biological brain. Examples of the Use of Neural Networks: -Bruce Nuclear Facility (Ontario, Canada) -Research into Diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, etc.) -Banking System Fraud Detection Business Transactions - correct answers-A transaction always happens between, at least, two organizations: -Buyer and seller, no business operates in isolation -Businesses contain many examples of networks of individuals and organizations that collaborate to create value and wealth. These networks work together in markets that exchange assets in the form of goods and services between the participants. The assets could be: Tangible - house, products, cash Intangible - mortgage, services, online music/video Transactions could happen in: open market (auction) closed market (supply chain) Businesses agree on Contracts, which set conditions of transactions What is a Ledger - correct answers-a system of records for a business -transactions are always recorded in the ledger -in the selling organization, a transaction removes assets from the ledger -in the buying organization, a transact BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+ Artificial Intelligence (AI) - correct answers--Subfield of Computer Science studies the thought processes of humans and recreates the effects of those processes via machines, such as computers and robots. -Behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be considered intelligent. Turing Test (Alice, CleverBot) - correct answers--Alan Turing, British AI pioneer -The Imitation Game (2014) How AI works - correct answers--creates perspectives -understands languages and its nuances -learns from experiences -solves complex problems -uses the learning to reason -recognizes images The Components of Expert Systems - correct answers-1. Knowledge Base 2. Inference Engine 3. User Interface Knowledge Base - correct answers--Facts: e.g., the problem situation. -Rules: direct use of knowledge to solve specific problems in a particular domain. -Rules are typically structured as If/Then statements of the form: Inference Engine - correct answers--a computer program (written using a high-level programming language) that provides a methodology for reasoning and formulating conclusions. -the main processing element of the expert system. -It is responsible for gathering the information from the user, by asking various questions and applying it wherever necessary User Interface - correct answers--dialogue between the user and the computer triggers the inference engine to match the problem symptoms with the knowledge contained in the knowledge base and then generate advice. Benefits of Expert Systems - correct answers--Accessibility to Knowledge and Help Desks -Reliability •ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. -Ability to Work with Incomplete or Uncertain Information -Provision of Training •The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers--Enhancement of Decision-making and Problem-solving Capabilities •ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into the analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). -Decreased Decision-Making Time -Reduced Downtime •ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers-1. Increased output and productivity: ESs can configure components for each custom order, increasing production capabilities. 2. Increased quality: ESs can provide consistent advice and reduce error rates. 3. Capture and dissemination of scarce expertise: Expertise from anywhere in the world can be obtained and used. 4. Operation in hazardous environments: Sensors can collect information that an ES interprets, enabling human workers to avoid hot, humid, or toxic environments. 5. Accessibility to knowledge and help desks: ESs can increase the productivity of help desk employees, or even automate this function. 6. Reliability: ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. 7. Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information: Even with an answer of "don't know," an ES can produce an answer, although it may not be a definite one. 8. Provision of training: The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. 9. Enhancement of decision-making and problem-solving capabilities: ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). 10. Decreased decision-making time: ESs usually can make faster decisions than humans working alone. 11. Reduced downtime: ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Difficulties of Using Expert Systems - correct answers--Transferring domain expertise from human experts to the expert system can be difficult because people cannot always explain what they know -Even if the domain experts can explain their entire reasoning process, automating that process may not be possible -In some contexts, there is a potential liability from the use of expert systems. Expert Systems: Expert, Computer,User - correct answers-1. Knowledge Acquisition 2. Knowledge Representation 3. Knowledge Inferencing 4. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge Acquisition - correct answers--Knowledge is acquired from domain experts or from documented sources. Knowledge Representation - correct answers--Acquired knowledge is organized as rules or frames (object-oriented) and stored electronically in a knowledge base. Knowledge Inferencing - correct answers--The computer is programmed so that it can make inferences based on the stored knowledge. Knowledge Transfer - correct answers--The inferenced expertise is transferred to the user in the form of a recommendation. Machine Learning Systems - correct answers-Artificial intelligence systems that learn from data. - Optical character recognition: Printed, handwritten characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples. -Example: It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images. OCR software can be used to convert a physical paper document or an image into an accessible electronic version with text. - Face recognition: Identify faces in images. - Topic identification: Categorize news articles as to whether they are about politics, sports, entertainment, and so on. - Fraud detection: Identify credit card transactions that may be fraudulent. - Customer segmentation: Identity which customers may respond positively to a particular promotion. Neural Networks - correct answers-A system of programs and data structures that simulates the underlying functions of the biological brain. Examples of the Use of Neural Networks: -Bruce Nuclear Facility (Ontario, Canada) -Research into Diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, etc.) -Banking System Fraud Detection Business Transactions - correct answers-A transaction always happens between, at least, two organizations: -Buyer and seller, no business operates in isolation -Businesses contain many examples of networks of individuals and organizations that collaborate to create value and wealth. These networks work together in markets that exchange assets in the form of goods and services between the participants. The assets could be: Tangible - house, products, cash Intangible - mortgage, services, online music/video Transactions could happen in: open market (auction) closed market (supply chain) Businesses agree on Contracts, which set conditions of transactions What is a Ledger - correct answers-a system of records for a business -transactions are always recorded in the ledger -in the selling organization, a transaction removes assets from the ledger -in the buying organization, a transact BTE 210 Exam 2/revision study guide/correct verified A+ Artificial Intelligence (AI) - correct answers--Subfield of Computer Science studies the thought processes of humans and recreates the effects of those processes via machines, such as computers and robots. -Behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be considered intelligent. Turing Test (Alice, CleverBot) - correct answers--Alan Turing, British AI pioneer -The Imitation Game (2014) How AI works - correct answers--creates perspectives -understands languages and its nuances -learns from experiences -solves complex problems -uses the learning to reason -recognizes images The Components of Expert Systems - correct answers-1. Knowledge Base 2. Inference Engine 3. User Interface Knowledge Base - correct answers--Facts: e.g., the problem situation. -Rules: direct use of knowledge to solve specific problems in a particular domain. -Rules are typically structured as If/Then statements of the form: Inference Engine - correct answers--a computer program (written using a high-level programming language) that provides a methodology for reasoning and formulating conclusions. -the main processing element of the expert system. -It is responsible for gathering the information from the user, by asking various questions and applying it wherever necessary User Interface - correct answers--dialogue between the user and the computer triggers the inference engine to match the problem symptoms with the knowledge contained in the knowledge base and then generate advice. Benefits of Expert Systems - correct answers--Accessibility to Knowledge and Help Desks -Reliability •ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. -Ability to Work with Incomplete or Uncertain Information -Provision of Training •The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers--Enhancement of Decision-making and Problem-solving Capabilities •ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into the analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). -Decreased Decision-Making Time -Reduced Downtime •ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Benefits of Expert Systems (Continued) - correct answers-1. Increased output and productivity: ESs can configure components for each custom order, increasing production capabilities. 2. Increased quality: ESs can provide consistent advice and reduce error rates. 3. Capture and dissemination of scarce expertise: Expertise from anywhere in the world can be obtained and used. 4. Operation in hazardous environments: Sensors can collect information that an ES interprets, enabling human workers to avoid hot, humid, or toxic environments. 5. Accessibility to knowledge and help desks: ESs can increase the productivity of help desk employees, or even automate this function. 6. Reliability: ESs do not become tired or bored, call in sick, or go on strike. They consistently pay attention to details. 7. Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information: Even with an answer of "don't know," an ES can produce an answer, although it may not be a definite one. 8. Provision of training: The explanation facility of an ES can serve as a teaching device and a knowledge base for novices. 9. Enhancement of decision-making and problem-solving capabilities: ESs allow the integration of expert judgment into analysis (e.g., diagnosis of machine malfunction and even medical diagnosis). 10. Decreased decision-making time: ESs usually can make faster decisions than humans working alone. 11. Reduced downtime: ESs can quickly diagnose machine malfunctions and prescribe repairs. Difficulties of Using Expert Systems - correct answers--Transferring domain expertise from human experts to the expert system can be difficult because people cannot always explain what they know -Even if the domain experts can explain their entire reasoning process, automating that process may not be possible -In some contexts, there is a potential liability from the use of expert systems. Expert Systems: Expert, Computer,User - correct answers-1. Knowledge Acquisition 2. Knowledge Representation 3. Knowledge Inferencing 4. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge Acquisition - correct answers--Knowledge is acquired from domain experts or from documented sources. Knowledge Representation - correct answers--Acquired knowledge is organized as rules or frames (object-oriented) and stored electronically in a knowledge base. Knowledge Inferencing - correct answers--The computer is programmed so that it can make inferences based on the stored knowledge. Knowledge Transfer - correct answers--The inferenced expertise is transferred to the user in the form of a recommendation. Machine Learning Systems - correct answers-Artificial intelligence systems that learn from data. - Optical character recognition: Printed, handwritten characters are recognized automatically based on previous examples. -Example: It is commonly used to recognize text in scanned documents and images. OCR software can be used to convert a physical paper document or an image into an accessible electronic version with text. - Face recognition: Identify faces in images. - Topic identification: Categorize news articles as to whether they are about politics, sports, entertainment, and so on. - Fraud detection: Identify credit card transactions that may be fraudulent. - Customer segmentation: Identity which customers may respond positively to a particular promotion. Neural Networks - correct answers-A system of programs and data structures that simulates the underlying functions of the biological brain. Examples of the Use of Neural Networks: -Bruce Nuclear Facility (Ontario, Canada) -Research into Diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, etc.) -Banking System Fraud Detection Business Transactions - correct answers-A transaction always happens between, at least, two organizations: -Buyer and seller, no business operates in isolation -Businesses contain many examples of networks of individuals and organizations that collaborate to create value and wealth. These networks work together in markets that exchange assets in the form of goods and services between the participants. The assets could be: Tangible - house, products, cash Intangible - mortgage, services, online music/video Transactions could happen in: open market (auction) closed market (supply chain) Businesses agree on Contracts, which set conditions of transactions What is a Ledger - correct answers-a system of records for a business -transactions are always recorded in the ledger -in the selling organization, a transaction removes assets from the ledger -in the buying organization, a transact