Pharmacology Overview for Nursing
Final Exam
Basics of Pharmacology - ANS Loading dose
Drug effectiveness
Pharmacokinetics
Adverse effects
Generic and Trade name
First-pass effect
Anti-inflammatory drugs - ANS Medications that reduce inflammation
Anti-inflammatory drug generic name - ANS Ibuprofen
Anti-inflammatory drug trade name(s) [2] - ANS Advil
Motrin
First-pass effect - ANS The process where an oral drug is metabolized by the liver to an inactive form
before reaching target cells, analogous to a bouncer at a nightclub
If a nurse plans to give a drug but it can be completely metabolized through the first-pass effect, how
should the nurse give the medication? - ANS Non-oral route
What are the 6 rights of med admin? - ANS 1. client
2. medication
3. dose
4. time of delivery
,5. route
6. documentation
What is the fastest route of med admin? - ANS Parenteral
Slowest route of med admin? - ANS PO
Who do you not give PO meds to? - ANS A person w/ absent bowel sounds
Enteric-coated (EC) - ANS Oral medications that should not be crushed, along with sustained-release
(SR), extended-release (XR, XL), controlled-release (CR), and long-acting (LA) formulations
Enteral route of administration - ANS Enter the digestive tract
Examples of enteral medications - ANS PO, NG tube, gastrostomy tube
Parenteral route of administration - ANS Go around the digestive tract
Examples of parenteral medications - ANS SL, buccal, topical, TD, ophthalmic, otic, nasal, vaginal, rectal,
ID, subQ, IM, IV
Pharmacokinetics - ANS The study of drug movement throughout the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Absorbtion - ANS Movement of a drug from the outside of the body into the bloodstream
, Distribution - ANS Transport of the drug through the body after they have been absorbed or injected
(bloodstream)
Metabolism - ANS Biotransformation, the chemical conversion of the drug to a form that can be easily
removed from the body (mainly through the liver)
Excretion - ANS Removal of the drug from the body (mainly through the kidneys)
What do clients w/ liver disease have problems with? - ANS Drug metabolism
What do clients w/ kidney disease have problems with? - ANS Drug excretion
You are giving medication to a patient with liver cirrhosis. What changes need to be made to the
standard dosages of their medications? - ANS Lowering the doses to prevent toxicity
You are giving medication to a patient with renal failure. What changes need to be made to the standard
dosages of their medications? - ANS Lowering the doses to prevent toxicity
Loading doses - ANS Initial higher doses of a drug to quickly achieve therapeutic levels in the
bloodstream
In what situations would you give a client a loading dose of a medication? [2] - ANS Giving a loading
dose of an IV antibiotic and then starting a drip
Giving a loading dose of an IV pain medication and then putting a patient on a PCA pump
Is prednisone a cure for anything? - ANS NO
Final Exam
Basics of Pharmacology - ANS Loading dose
Drug effectiveness
Pharmacokinetics
Adverse effects
Generic and Trade name
First-pass effect
Anti-inflammatory drugs - ANS Medications that reduce inflammation
Anti-inflammatory drug generic name - ANS Ibuprofen
Anti-inflammatory drug trade name(s) [2] - ANS Advil
Motrin
First-pass effect - ANS The process where an oral drug is metabolized by the liver to an inactive form
before reaching target cells, analogous to a bouncer at a nightclub
If a nurse plans to give a drug but it can be completely metabolized through the first-pass effect, how
should the nurse give the medication? - ANS Non-oral route
What are the 6 rights of med admin? - ANS 1. client
2. medication
3. dose
4. time of delivery
,5. route
6. documentation
What is the fastest route of med admin? - ANS Parenteral
Slowest route of med admin? - ANS PO
Who do you not give PO meds to? - ANS A person w/ absent bowel sounds
Enteric-coated (EC) - ANS Oral medications that should not be crushed, along with sustained-release
(SR), extended-release (XR, XL), controlled-release (CR), and long-acting (LA) formulations
Enteral route of administration - ANS Enter the digestive tract
Examples of enteral medications - ANS PO, NG tube, gastrostomy tube
Parenteral route of administration - ANS Go around the digestive tract
Examples of parenteral medications - ANS SL, buccal, topical, TD, ophthalmic, otic, nasal, vaginal, rectal,
ID, subQ, IM, IV
Pharmacokinetics - ANS The study of drug movement throughout the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Absorbtion - ANS Movement of a drug from the outside of the body into the bloodstream
, Distribution - ANS Transport of the drug through the body after they have been absorbed or injected
(bloodstream)
Metabolism - ANS Biotransformation, the chemical conversion of the drug to a form that can be easily
removed from the body (mainly through the liver)
Excretion - ANS Removal of the drug from the body (mainly through the kidneys)
What do clients w/ liver disease have problems with? - ANS Drug metabolism
What do clients w/ kidney disease have problems with? - ANS Drug excretion
You are giving medication to a patient with liver cirrhosis. What changes need to be made to the
standard dosages of their medications? - ANS Lowering the doses to prevent toxicity
You are giving medication to a patient with renal failure. What changes need to be made to the standard
dosages of their medications? - ANS Lowering the doses to prevent toxicity
Loading doses - ANS Initial higher doses of a drug to quickly achieve therapeutic levels in the
bloodstream
In what situations would you give a client a loading dose of a medication? [2] - ANS Giving a loading
dose of an IV antibiotic and then starting a drip
Giving a loading dose of an IV pain medication and then putting a patient on a PCA pump
Is prednisone a cure for anything? - ANS NO
