UBC PSYC 305 - Midterm 1 || with 100% Accurate
Solutions.
Acquiescence correct answers (also known as yea saying) A response set that refers to the
tendency to agree with questionnaire items regardless of the content of those items.
Active Genotype-Environment Correlation correct answers Occurs when a person with a
particular genotype creates or seeks out a particular environment
Actometer correct answers A mechanical motion-recording device, often in the form of a watch
attached to the wrist. It has been used, for example, in research on the activity level of children
during several play periods. Motoric movement activates the recording device.
Adjacency correct answers In Wiggins circumplex model, adjacency indicates how close the
traits are to each other on the circumference of the circumplex. Those variables that are adjacent
or next to each other within the model are positively correlated.
Adaptations correct answers Inherited solutions to the survival and reproductive problems posed
by the hostile forces of nature. Adaptations are the primary product of the selective process. An
adaptation is a "reliably developing structure in the organism, which, because it meshes with the
recurrent structure of the world, causes the solution to an adaptive problem"
Adjustment Domain correct answers Personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and
adjust to the ebb and flow of events in our day-to-day lives. In addition to health consequences of
adjusting to stress, certain personality features are related to poor social or emotional adjustment
and have been designated as personality disorders
Adoption Studies correct answers Studies that examine the correlations between adopted
children and their adoptive parents, with whom they share no genes. These correlations are then
compared to the correlations between the adopted children and their genetic parents, who had no
influence on the environments of the children. Differences in these correlations can indicate the
relative magnitude of genetic and environment contributions to personality traits.
Agreeableness correct answers is the second of the personality traits in the five-factor model, a
model which has proven to be replicable in studies using English-language trait words as items.
Some of the key adjective markers for ______ are "good natured," "cooperative," "mild/gentle,"
"not jealous." 80
Average Tendencies correct answers Tendency to display a certain psychological trait with
regularity. For example, on average, a high-talkative person will start more conversations than a
low-talkative person. This idea explains why the principle of aggregation works when measuring
personality.
Biological Domain correct answers The core assumption of biological approaches to personality
is that humans are, first and foremost, collections of biological systems, and these systems
, provide the building blocks (e.g., brain, nervous system) for behavior, thought, and emotion.
Biological approaches typically refers to three areas of research within this general domain: the
genetics of personality, the psychophysiology of personality, and the evolution of personality.
Bipolarity correct answers In Wiggins circumplex model, traits located at opposite sides of the
circle and negatively correlated with each other. Specifying this bipolarity is useful because
nearly every interpersonal trait within the personality sphere has another trait that is its opposite.
Case Study Method correct answers Examining the life of one person in particular depth, which
can give researchers insights into personality that can then be used to formulate a more general
theory that is tested in a larger population. They can also provide in-depth knowledge of a
particularly outstanding individual. Case studies are useful when studying rare phenomena, such
as a person with a photographic memory or a person with multiple personalities—cases for
which large samples would be difficult or impossible to obtain
Cognitive-Experiential Domain correct answers This domain focuses on cognition and subjective
experience, such as conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others.
This domain includes our feelings of self, identity, self-esteem, our goals and plans, and our
emotions.
Cohort Effects correct answers Personality change over time as a reflection of the social times in
which an individual or group of individuals live. For example, American women's trait scores on
assertiveness have risen and fallen depending on the social and historical cohort in which they
have lived. Jean Twenge has posited that individuals internalize social change and absorb the
cultural messages they receive from their culture, all of which, in turn, can affect their
personalities
Combinations of Big Five Variables correct answers "Traits" are often examined in
combinations. For example, two people high in extraversion would be very different if one was
an extraverted neurotic and the other was extraverted but emotionally stable.
Compatibility and Integration across domains and levels correct answers A theory that takes into
account the principles and laws of other scientific domains that may affect the study's main
subject. For example, a theory of biology that violated known principles of chemistry would be
judged fatally flawed.
Comprehensiveness correct answers One of the five scientific standards used in evaluating
personality theories. Theories that explain more empirical data within a domain are generally
superior to those that explain fewer findings.
Conscientiousness correct answers The third of the personality traits in the five-factor model,
which has proven to be replicable in studies using English-language trait words as items. Some
of the key adjective markers for ___________ are "responsible," "scrupulous," "persevering,"
"fussy/ tidy
Solutions.
Acquiescence correct answers (also known as yea saying) A response set that refers to the
tendency to agree with questionnaire items regardless of the content of those items.
Active Genotype-Environment Correlation correct answers Occurs when a person with a
particular genotype creates or seeks out a particular environment
Actometer correct answers A mechanical motion-recording device, often in the form of a watch
attached to the wrist. It has been used, for example, in research on the activity level of children
during several play periods. Motoric movement activates the recording device.
Adjacency correct answers In Wiggins circumplex model, adjacency indicates how close the
traits are to each other on the circumference of the circumplex. Those variables that are adjacent
or next to each other within the model are positively correlated.
Adaptations correct answers Inherited solutions to the survival and reproductive problems posed
by the hostile forces of nature. Adaptations are the primary product of the selective process. An
adaptation is a "reliably developing structure in the organism, which, because it meshes with the
recurrent structure of the world, causes the solution to an adaptive problem"
Adjustment Domain correct answers Personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and
adjust to the ebb and flow of events in our day-to-day lives. In addition to health consequences of
adjusting to stress, certain personality features are related to poor social or emotional adjustment
and have been designated as personality disorders
Adoption Studies correct answers Studies that examine the correlations between adopted
children and their adoptive parents, with whom they share no genes. These correlations are then
compared to the correlations between the adopted children and their genetic parents, who had no
influence on the environments of the children. Differences in these correlations can indicate the
relative magnitude of genetic and environment contributions to personality traits.
Agreeableness correct answers is the second of the personality traits in the five-factor model, a
model which has proven to be replicable in studies using English-language trait words as items.
Some of the key adjective markers for ______ are "good natured," "cooperative," "mild/gentle,"
"not jealous." 80
Average Tendencies correct answers Tendency to display a certain psychological trait with
regularity. For example, on average, a high-talkative person will start more conversations than a
low-talkative person. This idea explains why the principle of aggregation works when measuring
personality.
Biological Domain correct answers The core assumption of biological approaches to personality
is that humans are, first and foremost, collections of biological systems, and these systems
, provide the building blocks (e.g., brain, nervous system) for behavior, thought, and emotion.
Biological approaches typically refers to three areas of research within this general domain: the
genetics of personality, the psychophysiology of personality, and the evolution of personality.
Bipolarity correct answers In Wiggins circumplex model, traits located at opposite sides of the
circle and negatively correlated with each other. Specifying this bipolarity is useful because
nearly every interpersonal trait within the personality sphere has another trait that is its opposite.
Case Study Method correct answers Examining the life of one person in particular depth, which
can give researchers insights into personality that can then be used to formulate a more general
theory that is tested in a larger population. They can also provide in-depth knowledge of a
particularly outstanding individual. Case studies are useful when studying rare phenomena, such
as a person with a photographic memory or a person with multiple personalities—cases for
which large samples would be difficult or impossible to obtain
Cognitive-Experiential Domain correct answers This domain focuses on cognition and subjective
experience, such as conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others.
This domain includes our feelings of self, identity, self-esteem, our goals and plans, and our
emotions.
Cohort Effects correct answers Personality change over time as a reflection of the social times in
which an individual or group of individuals live. For example, American women's trait scores on
assertiveness have risen and fallen depending on the social and historical cohort in which they
have lived. Jean Twenge has posited that individuals internalize social change and absorb the
cultural messages they receive from their culture, all of which, in turn, can affect their
personalities
Combinations of Big Five Variables correct answers "Traits" are often examined in
combinations. For example, two people high in extraversion would be very different if one was
an extraverted neurotic and the other was extraverted but emotionally stable.
Compatibility and Integration across domains and levels correct answers A theory that takes into
account the principles and laws of other scientific domains that may affect the study's main
subject. For example, a theory of biology that violated known principles of chemistry would be
judged fatally flawed.
Comprehensiveness correct answers One of the five scientific standards used in evaluating
personality theories. Theories that explain more empirical data within a domain are generally
superior to those that explain fewer findings.
Conscientiousness correct answers The third of the personality traits in the five-factor model,
which has proven to be replicable in studies using English-language trait words as items. Some
of the key adjective markers for ___________ are "responsible," "scrupulous," "persevering,"
"fussy/ tidy
