HESI A2
Biology 2
EXAM READINESS GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following enzymes is essential for DNA
replication in eukaryotic cells?
A) RNA polymerase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Helicase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible
for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to
a pre-existing chain during replication.
2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in
eukaryotic cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Protein Synthesis
C) ATP Production
D) Lipid Storage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell,
responsible for producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation.
3. Which process involves the movement of molecules
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration without energy input?
A) Active Transport
B) Facilitated Diffusion
©2024/2025
, C) Osmosis
D) Simple Diffusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Simple diffusion is the passive movement of
molecules along the concentration gradient without energy
use.
4. What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
A) DNA Replication
B) Protein Synthesis
C) Lipid Degradation
D) Cell Signaling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis
where RNA is translated into protein.
5. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA
together?
A) Ionic Bonds
B) Covalent Bonds
C) Hydrogen Bonds
D) Peptide Bonds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous
bases hold the two strands of DNA together, providing
stability and specificity to the DNA double helix.
6. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA
©2024/2025
Biology 2
EXAM READINESS GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following enzymes is essential for DNA
replication in eukaryotic cells?
A) RNA polymerase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Helicase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible
for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to
a pre-existing chain during replication.
2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in
eukaryotic cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Protein Synthesis
C) ATP Production
D) Lipid Storage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell,
responsible for producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation.
3. Which process involves the movement of molecules
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration without energy input?
A) Active Transport
B) Facilitated Diffusion
©2024/2025
, C) Osmosis
D) Simple Diffusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Simple diffusion is the passive movement of
molecules along the concentration gradient without energy
use.
4. What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
A) DNA Replication
B) Protein Synthesis
C) Lipid Degradation
D) Cell Signaling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis
where RNA is translated into protein.
5. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA
together?
A) Ionic Bonds
B) Covalent Bonds
C) Hydrogen Bonds
D) Peptide Bonds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous
bases hold the two strands of DNA together, providing
stability and specificity to the DNA double helix.
6. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA
©2024/2025
