BIOS-252
Anatomy & Physiology II
FINAL READINESS EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating
calcium levels in the blood?
- A) Epinephrine
- B) Insulin
- C) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- D) Cortisol
Answer: C) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH is essential for maintaining the
concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid by
increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, activating
vitamin D, and increasing the release of calcium from the
bones.
2. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible
for reabsorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from
the filtrate?
- A) Collecting duct
- B) Loop of Henle
- C) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- D) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Rationale: The PCT is where reabsorption of most
solutes and water occurs due to its extensive surface area
and permeability facilitated by microvilli.
3. Which type of muscle fiber is most resistant to fatigue
and is primarily used for endurance activities?
- A) Type I fibers
- B) Type IIa fibers
©2024/2025
, - C) Type IIb fibers
- D) Type III fibers
Answer: A) Type I fibers
Rationale: Type I fibers are slow-twitch muscle fibers
that are oxidative, have high endurance, and are resistant
to fatigue, making them ideal for endurance and aerobic
activities.
4. In what part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract does the
majority of nutrient absorption occur?
- A) Stomach
- B) Large Intestine
- C) Small Intestine
- D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small Intestine
Rationale: The small intestine is specialized for nutrient
absorption due to its length, the presence of villi and
microvilli, and a rich blood supply.
5. Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP
production through aerobic respiration?
- A) Golgi apparatus
- B) Ribosome
- C) Mitochondria
- D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses
of the cell because they produce ATP, the energy currency,
through oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic
respiration.
©2024/2025
Anatomy & Physiology II
FINAL READINESS EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating
calcium levels in the blood?
- A) Epinephrine
- B) Insulin
- C) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- D) Cortisol
Answer: C) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH is essential for maintaining the
concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid by
increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, activating
vitamin D, and increasing the release of calcium from the
bones.
2. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible
for reabsorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from
the filtrate?
- A) Collecting duct
- B) Loop of Henle
- C) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- D) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Rationale: The PCT is where reabsorption of most
solutes and water occurs due to its extensive surface area
and permeability facilitated by microvilli.
3. Which type of muscle fiber is most resistant to fatigue
and is primarily used for endurance activities?
- A) Type I fibers
- B) Type IIa fibers
©2024/2025
, - C) Type IIb fibers
- D) Type III fibers
Answer: A) Type I fibers
Rationale: Type I fibers are slow-twitch muscle fibers
that are oxidative, have high endurance, and are resistant
to fatigue, making them ideal for endurance and aerobic
activities.
4. In what part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract does the
majority of nutrient absorption occur?
- A) Stomach
- B) Large Intestine
- C) Small Intestine
- D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small Intestine
Rationale: The small intestine is specialized for nutrient
absorption due to its length, the presence of villi and
microvilli, and a rich blood supply.
5. Which cellular organelle is responsible for ATP
production through aerobic respiration?
- A) Golgi apparatus
- B) Ribosome
- C) Mitochondria
- D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses
of the cell because they produce ATP, the energy currency,
through oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic
respiration.
©2024/2025
