MDSC 321 Midterm 1 Exam
Study Set
What makes a good vaccine? - Answer Variolation or Inoculation (Safety)
Vaccination (Cost)
Effectiveness
Type of Immunity
Vaccine Production - Answer Dried up small pox scabs, ship live cows to make the
vaccine, own farms for vaccine production, infect egg with virus to make the vaccine,
DNA vaccines take a gene that codes for one of the proteins to inject with the piece of
DNA. Can't control where gene goes.
Vaccine Composition (Live Attenuated) - Answer Weakened or less virulent pathogen
Actually infect the host
Robust immune response
Long lasting memory
Ex. Measles, Mumps
Vaccine Composition (Killed) - Answer Whole killed pathogens (lots of potential
antigens)
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Polio, Influenza
Vaccine Composition (Subunit or Toxoid) - Answer Specific molecules isolated from a
pathogen
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived humoral (Ab) immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Diphtheria, Tetanus
How is vaccination influenced by public perception? - Answer Autism, falsified data,
,fraudulent. Not immunized you will get the disease. Herd immunity threshold for a
number of infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria, mumps etc.
Do we need to be vaccinated against everything? - Answer Effect of vaccinating for one
disease on other disease.
- Chicken pox and shingles are cause by the same virus
Chicken pox significant decrease but increase in shingles people are not as exposed to
chicken pox and your immune system gets lazy
How has our world changed? - Answer Smallpox is the only disease eradicated in
history of humans by world wide vaccination effort. Spend $1 on a vaccine and save $30
Are antibodies a silver bullet drug? - Answer Stick to a target and mutualize each other
so then the disease cannot stick to your cells and infect you.
Antibodies - Therapeutics - Answer -Antibodies are a protein produced by the immune
system that specifically recognizes target molecules
-Antibody therapeutics bind and neutralize targets, activate cells, kill cells, and
modulate immunity
-Represents the first immune treatments (>100 years ago)
- More than 30 licenced monoclonal Ab are sold in the US for treatment of human
disease
-8 /20 best selling biotech drugs were antibodies
-Currently used to treat cancers (colon, brain, lymphoma, leukemia, breast)
- Treat autoimmunity (lupus, arthritis, MS, asthma, IBD, Crohn's, diabetes)
- Treat infections (Hep B, HIV, sepsis, rabies, tetanus, C.difficile, anthrax)
- Prevent transplant rejection
Antibodies AB structures developed from non-rodent/non-primate species - Answer Not
all anitbodies are the same, structural differences confer functional differences
IgM- sticks to target
IgD-
IgG-making when you vaccinate someone
IgE-allergies
IgA- GI tract keeps gut lining from getting effected
Antibodies - Structure - Answer Bispecific - could recognize two things are the same
, time
"Smart Drugs"- Immunotoxins/ Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) - Answer Direct a drug
to a specific target recognized by the antibody. Conventional Chemotherapy: recognize
the tumor cell, place the drug and kill it
Infectious Disease - Answer Worldwide, 1 in 3 deaths is attributable to infectious
disease
Vast majority of these deaths are preventable by vaccine
Making progress but one of the biggest threats is emerging and re-emerging disease
Emerging Disease - Answer Many reasons for the appearance for emerging diseases,
Generic mutation/diversification within pathogens (antigenic drift vs shift)
Acquisition of drug resistance by pathogens
Climate change resulting in the altered distribution of pathogen vectors
Human behaviour (reduced vaccination, disease transmission, travel)
Endemic - Answer The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or
infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. always present in public
Baseline everday expereince just like the common cold. Roughly the same number of
cases and distributions
Epidemic - Answer an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above
what is normally expected in that population in that area. Higher than expected. Rest of
the world is not infected
Pandemic - Answer an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents,
usually affecting a large number of people
Outbreak - Answer carries the same definition of epidemic, but is often used for a more
limited geographic area. Rapid increase in cases in a tighter defined region for the
outbreak like southern alberta
Cluster - Answer Refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are
suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number
may not be known. 12 kids sit at a single school- someone was infected or not washing
hands to find the source, single item for the infections
Sporadic - Answer A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. Randomly
Pandemic WHO phases - Answer Entirely based on geographic spread not about
severity
Five: same virus has caused community level in two or more countries
Study Set
What makes a good vaccine? - Answer Variolation or Inoculation (Safety)
Vaccination (Cost)
Effectiveness
Type of Immunity
Vaccine Production - Answer Dried up small pox scabs, ship live cows to make the
vaccine, own farms for vaccine production, infect egg with virus to make the vaccine,
DNA vaccines take a gene that codes for one of the proteins to inject with the piece of
DNA. Can't control where gene goes.
Vaccine Composition (Live Attenuated) - Answer Weakened or less virulent pathogen
Actually infect the host
Robust immune response
Long lasting memory
Ex. Measles, Mumps
Vaccine Composition (Killed) - Answer Whole killed pathogens (lots of potential
antigens)
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Polio, Influenza
Vaccine Composition (Subunit or Toxoid) - Answer Specific molecules isolated from a
pathogen
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived humoral (Ab) immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Diphtheria, Tetanus
How is vaccination influenced by public perception? - Answer Autism, falsified data,
,fraudulent. Not immunized you will get the disease. Herd immunity threshold for a
number of infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria, mumps etc.
Do we need to be vaccinated against everything? - Answer Effect of vaccinating for one
disease on other disease.
- Chicken pox and shingles are cause by the same virus
Chicken pox significant decrease but increase in shingles people are not as exposed to
chicken pox and your immune system gets lazy
How has our world changed? - Answer Smallpox is the only disease eradicated in
history of humans by world wide vaccination effort. Spend $1 on a vaccine and save $30
Are antibodies a silver bullet drug? - Answer Stick to a target and mutualize each other
so then the disease cannot stick to your cells and infect you.
Antibodies - Therapeutics - Answer -Antibodies are a protein produced by the immune
system that specifically recognizes target molecules
-Antibody therapeutics bind and neutralize targets, activate cells, kill cells, and
modulate immunity
-Represents the first immune treatments (>100 years ago)
- More than 30 licenced monoclonal Ab are sold in the US for treatment of human
disease
-8 /20 best selling biotech drugs were antibodies
-Currently used to treat cancers (colon, brain, lymphoma, leukemia, breast)
- Treat autoimmunity (lupus, arthritis, MS, asthma, IBD, Crohn's, diabetes)
- Treat infections (Hep B, HIV, sepsis, rabies, tetanus, C.difficile, anthrax)
- Prevent transplant rejection
Antibodies AB structures developed from non-rodent/non-primate species - Answer Not
all anitbodies are the same, structural differences confer functional differences
IgM- sticks to target
IgD-
IgG-making when you vaccinate someone
IgE-allergies
IgA- GI tract keeps gut lining from getting effected
Antibodies - Structure - Answer Bispecific - could recognize two things are the same
, time
"Smart Drugs"- Immunotoxins/ Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) - Answer Direct a drug
to a specific target recognized by the antibody. Conventional Chemotherapy: recognize
the tumor cell, place the drug and kill it
Infectious Disease - Answer Worldwide, 1 in 3 deaths is attributable to infectious
disease
Vast majority of these deaths are preventable by vaccine
Making progress but one of the biggest threats is emerging and re-emerging disease
Emerging Disease - Answer Many reasons for the appearance for emerging diseases,
Generic mutation/diversification within pathogens (antigenic drift vs shift)
Acquisition of drug resistance by pathogens
Climate change resulting in the altered distribution of pathogen vectors
Human behaviour (reduced vaccination, disease transmission, travel)
Endemic - Answer The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or
infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. always present in public
Baseline everday expereince just like the common cold. Roughly the same number of
cases and distributions
Epidemic - Answer an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above
what is normally expected in that population in that area. Higher than expected. Rest of
the world is not infected
Pandemic - Answer an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents,
usually affecting a large number of people
Outbreak - Answer carries the same definition of epidemic, but is often used for a more
limited geographic area. Rapid increase in cases in a tighter defined region for the
outbreak like southern alberta
Cluster - Answer Refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are
suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number
may not be known. 12 kids sit at a single school- someone was infected or not washing
hands to find the source, single item for the infections
Sporadic - Answer A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. Randomly
Pandemic WHO phases - Answer Entirely based on geographic spread not about
severity
Five: same virus has caused community level in two or more countries
