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Us history Period 8: Chapter 29: Limits of A Superpower [625 - 640] class notes summary/chapter 29 verified A+

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Us history Period 8: Chapter 29: Limits of A Superpower [625 - 640] class notes summary/chapter 29 verified A+ Us history Period 8: Chapter 29: Limits of A Superpower [625 - 640] class notes summary/chapter 29 verified A+ Period 8: Chapter 29: Limits of A Superpower [625 - 640] Due Date: 4/30 - Vietnam War - The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - Gives LBJ authority to do whatever he wants to end conflict in Vietnam - The War Powers Act of 1973 - Must tell Congress within 48 hours or gain approval from Congress within 60 days - Public opinion shaped policies → major shift left during sixties and seventies - Eighties led to a more conservative mindset - Technological triumphs of the space program 1970’s overshadowed by Watergate crime, stagnant economy, and the fall of South Vietnam to communism - Increased foreign economic competition, oil shortages, rising unemployment, and high inflation Richard Nixon’s Foreign Policy - Policy promised in Jan 1969 inaugural address not fulfilled - “Imperial presidency” set first interest w/ international relations instead of domestic policy - Reduced tensions of the Cold War - Vietnam - ½ million troops in Vietnam by time took office - Goal to reduce US involvement in war while avoiding appearance of conceding defeat - “Peace with honor” - “Vietnamization” - Gradually withdraw US troops from Vietnam and gove South Vietnamese money, weapons, and training to take hold of war - Troops 1969 540,000 to 1972 under 30,000 - Nixon Doctrine : declared that in the future Asian allies would receive US support but w/out extensive use of US ground forces - Opposition to Nixon’s War Policies - Gradual withdrawal of forces reduced the number of antiwar protests - April 1970: Nixon expanded war and used US forces to invade Cambodia in effort to destroy Vietnamese Communist bases in that country - Nationwide protest on college campuses led to killing of 4 youths by National Guard troops at Kent State in Ohio and 2 students at Jackson State in MS - 1970: US public shocked to learn about a 1968 masacre of women and children by US troops in Vietnamese village of My Lai - New York Times publication of Pentagon Papers - Documented mistakes and deceptions of gov policy-makers with Vietnam - “Leaked” to press by Daniel Ellsberg - Peace Talks, Bombing Attacks, and Armistice - Kissinger (national US security advisor) secret meetings w/ North Vietnam’s foreign minister Le Duc Tho - Fall of 1973: premature announcement that “peace is at hand” - When couldn’t reach deal, Nixon bombed massive bombing of N Vietnam to force a settlement after weeks of B-52 bombing, IN Vietnamese agreed to armistice - US would withdraw troops and get back over 500 POWs - Paris Accords Jan. 1973 promised cease fire and free elections - Armistice didn’t completely end the war but allowed US to get out of war - $118 billion war spenditure racked US economy with inflationary cycle - Détente with China and the Soviet Union - Deliberate reduction of Cold War tensions by taking advantage of rivalry between China and SU - Nixon’s conduct of foreign affairs enhanced world peace - Visit to China - Nixon secret meetings with Chinese leaders to improve conditions w/ “Red” China - Feb. 1972: traveled to Beijing to meet with Mao - Visit initiated diplomatic exchanges that led to US recognition of Communist gov in 1979 - Arms Control with the U.S.S.R. - Chinese relationship put pressure of Soviets to agree to limiting anti ballistic missiles (ABMs) - First Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT I) : US diplomats got Soviet consent to freeze number of ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads - Didn’t end arms race but step towards reducing Cold War tensions and for détente Nixon’s Domestic Policy - moderation and compromise w/ the Democratic congress - The New Federalism - Proposed the Family Assistance plan to slow down growth of LBJ’s Great Society programs - Would have replaced welfare by providing guaranteed annual income for working Ams - Defeated by Dems in Congress - Nixon shifted some of responsibility for social programs from federal to state and local levels - New Federalism (revenue sharing): Congress approved giving local govs $30 billion in block grants over five years to address local needs - Hope to check growth of federal gov and return responsibility to states (ie pre-New Deal) - Nixon attempted to bypass Congress by not spending funds appropriated for social programs - Abuse of executive powers deemed by Congress and courts - Nixon’s Economic Policies - 1970s: economy faced economic slowdown and high inflation (stagflation) - Nixon tried cutting federal spending to slow inflation - When led to recession and unemployment, adopted Keynesian economics and deficit spending (to not alienate middle-class and blue-collar Americans) - Aug 1971: imposed 90-day wage and price freeze - Took dollar off gold standard (helped to devalue it relative to foreign currencies) - Gold thing plus 10% surtax on all imports improved US balance of trade w/ foreign competitors - By 1972 election year the recession was over - Congress also approved automatic increases for Social Security benefits based on annual rise in cost of living - Protects seniors, poor, and disabled from inflation, but contributed to budget problems - 1972: passed Title IX : ended sex discrimination in schools that receive federal funding - Schools provide girls with equal athletic opportunities - Southern Strategy - b/c was minority president (43% popular vote in 1968) appealed to “silent majority” - Democrats, southern whites, northern catholic blue-collar workers, and recent suburbanites who disagreed w/

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us history period chapter 29 limi

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Us history Period 8: 1945 - 1980
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Chapter 29: Limits of A Superpower 19
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640] class notes summary/chapter 2
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9 verified A+
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