NURS 3444 Latest Exam 4 Questions
With Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
What kinds of tissue injuries are less common in infants and young children? - Answer Sprains and
strains.
They have RESILIENT soft tissue.
What injuries are an increased risk for older school-age children and adolescents? - Answer Sprains,
fractures, and torn ligaments.
What is the function of the neuromuscular (NM) system? - Answer Combination of muscles and neuro
system that work together to create movement.
Musculoskeletal system will provide the body with form, support, stability, protection, and ability to
move.
-Bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and CT
When does the neural tube differentiate into brain and spinal cord? - Answer 3-4 weeks of gestation.
Congenital defects occur before this point if exposed to teratogens, trauma, malnutrition, or infection.
What may immature CNS lead to? - Answer Delayed motor skill attainment or cerebral palsy.
What spine injury is higher risk for children? - Answer Cervical spine injury due to increased mobility of
the spine.
When is myelinization developed completely? - Answer 2 y/o.
Proceeds in cephalocaudal direction and proximodistal fashion.
,Will gain head and neck control before trunk and extremity control.
Speed and accuracy of nerve impulses will increase, and primitive reflexes are replaced with voluntary
movements.
What is hypertonia vs. hypotonia? - Answer Hypertonia: increased muscle tone
Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone
Deep Tendon Reflexes at Birth: - Answer DTRs are present at birth and are brisk in newborn. These will
progress to average over the next months.
Sluggish DTRs are abnormal.
As progression ensues, muscles will develop and become stronger.
What might muscle growth in adolescents lead to? - Answer Contributes to clumsiness, which leads to
increased risk for injury.
Due to hormones!
What does testosterone to do male muscles? - Answer Experiences growth spurt in trunk and legs.
Develops bulkier muscles.
What do female hormones do to female muscles? - Answer Laxer ligaments.
Increased risk for developmental hip dysplasia (DDH).
,What are characteristics of infant bones? - Answer -Not fully ossified
-Flexible and porous
-Lower mineral content
-Greater shock reabsorption, leading to bending rather than breaking
-Thick, strong periosteum
Do children have more cartilage? - Answer Yes!
When is ossification complete by? - Answer Adolescence
Cervical Kyphosis vs. Lordosis: - Answer Kyphosis: fetal development (outward)
Lordosis: infant holds head up (inward)
Is toddler lordosis normal? - Answer Yes, due to immature MS system.
Swayback and pot-bellied.
During early walking period.
When is thoracic kyphosis evident? - Answer Adolescence.
This is a postural effect.
When should you assess for scoliosis? - Answer Growth spurt.
What do the epiphyses look like in young children? - Answer Cartilaginous and ossify over time.
The epiphysis is the secondary ossification center at the end of the bone.
, What happens if the epiphyseal plate is exposed to trauma? - Answer May result in fracture in the
epiphyseal area of the bone.
May result in early, incomplete, or partial closure of the growth plate, which leads to deformity or
shortening of the bone.
Why does the epiphyseal plate stop growing in adolescence? - Answer Production of androgens will
cause growth plates to fuse.
Long bone growth is complete.
How does bone healing work in children? - Answer More quickly in children.
Bones produce callus rapidly and in larger quantities than adults.
New bone cells will quickly form, so there will be a bulge of new bone growth occurring at the site of the
fracture.
Bone healing is quick due to rick nutrient supply of the periosteum.
If the fracture is closer to the epiphyseal plate, what happens? - Answer Fracture will heal quicker.
How does bone remodeling work in children? - Answer Increased in children.
Straightening of the bone over time occurs easily in children.
Is internal tibial torsion of infants normal? - Answer Yes.
This when the hips are flexed, abducted, and externally rotated.
With Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
What kinds of tissue injuries are less common in infants and young children? - Answer Sprains and
strains.
They have RESILIENT soft tissue.
What injuries are an increased risk for older school-age children and adolescents? - Answer Sprains,
fractures, and torn ligaments.
What is the function of the neuromuscular (NM) system? - Answer Combination of muscles and neuro
system that work together to create movement.
Musculoskeletal system will provide the body with form, support, stability, protection, and ability to
move.
-Bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and CT
When does the neural tube differentiate into brain and spinal cord? - Answer 3-4 weeks of gestation.
Congenital defects occur before this point if exposed to teratogens, trauma, malnutrition, or infection.
What may immature CNS lead to? - Answer Delayed motor skill attainment or cerebral palsy.
What spine injury is higher risk for children? - Answer Cervical spine injury due to increased mobility of
the spine.
When is myelinization developed completely? - Answer 2 y/o.
Proceeds in cephalocaudal direction and proximodistal fashion.
,Will gain head and neck control before trunk and extremity control.
Speed and accuracy of nerve impulses will increase, and primitive reflexes are replaced with voluntary
movements.
What is hypertonia vs. hypotonia? - Answer Hypertonia: increased muscle tone
Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone
Deep Tendon Reflexes at Birth: - Answer DTRs are present at birth and are brisk in newborn. These will
progress to average over the next months.
Sluggish DTRs are abnormal.
As progression ensues, muscles will develop and become stronger.
What might muscle growth in adolescents lead to? - Answer Contributes to clumsiness, which leads to
increased risk for injury.
Due to hormones!
What does testosterone to do male muscles? - Answer Experiences growth spurt in trunk and legs.
Develops bulkier muscles.
What do female hormones do to female muscles? - Answer Laxer ligaments.
Increased risk for developmental hip dysplasia (DDH).
,What are characteristics of infant bones? - Answer -Not fully ossified
-Flexible and porous
-Lower mineral content
-Greater shock reabsorption, leading to bending rather than breaking
-Thick, strong periosteum
Do children have more cartilage? - Answer Yes!
When is ossification complete by? - Answer Adolescence
Cervical Kyphosis vs. Lordosis: - Answer Kyphosis: fetal development (outward)
Lordosis: infant holds head up (inward)
Is toddler lordosis normal? - Answer Yes, due to immature MS system.
Swayback and pot-bellied.
During early walking period.
When is thoracic kyphosis evident? - Answer Adolescence.
This is a postural effect.
When should you assess for scoliosis? - Answer Growth spurt.
What do the epiphyses look like in young children? - Answer Cartilaginous and ossify over time.
The epiphysis is the secondary ossification center at the end of the bone.
, What happens if the epiphyseal plate is exposed to trauma? - Answer May result in fracture in the
epiphyseal area of the bone.
May result in early, incomplete, or partial closure of the growth plate, which leads to deformity or
shortening of the bone.
Why does the epiphyseal plate stop growing in adolescence? - Answer Production of androgens will
cause growth plates to fuse.
Long bone growth is complete.
How does bone healing work in children? - Answer More quickly in children.
Bones produce callus rapidly and in larger quantities than adults.
New bone cells will quickly form, so there will be a bulge of new bone growth occurring at the site of the
fracture.
Bone healing is quick due to rick nutrient supply of the periosteum.
If the fracture is closer to the epiphyseal plate, what happens? - Answer Fracture will heal quicker.
How does bone remodeling work in children? - Answer Increased in children.
Straightening of the bone over time occurs easily in children.
Is internal tibial torsion of infants normal? - Answer Yes.
This when the hips are flexed, abducted, and externally rotated.
