NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing:
Exam 4 (Modules 8, 9, 10, 11) Questions
With 100% Correct Answers
DeliriumiDefinitioni-iCorrectiAnswer-
Stateiofitemporaryiacuteimentaliconfusion.iUsuallyidevelopsioveriai2-
3idayiperson.iItiisilife-
threateningi&ipossiblyipreventableisyndrome.iMostifrequenticomplicat
ioniofihospitalizationiiniolderiadults.iPriorityiofisafetyianditreatingiunde
rlyingicause.iDelirium,ioftenicallediacuteiconfusionalistate,ibeginsiwithi
disorientationiand,iifinotirecognizedianditreated,icaniprogressitoichange
siinilevelioficonsciousness,iirreversibleibrainidamage,iandisometimeside
ath
DementiaiDefinitioni-iCorrectiAnswer-
Initialisymptomsiareirelateditoichangesiinicognitiveifunction.iTheicogniti
ve,ifunctional,iandibehavioralichangesithaticharacterizeidementiaievent
uallyidestroyiaiperson'siabilityitoifunction.iTheisymptomsiareiusuallyisu
btleiinionsetiandiofteniprogressislowlyiuntilitheyiareiobviousiandidevast
ating.iFamilyimembersioftenireportitoidoctor:iMemoryiloss,iMildidisorie
ntation,iTroubleiwithiwordsiand/orinumbers
Confusion:
SuspectediElderlyiAbusei-iCorrectiAnswer-
Neglectioriabuseiofitheipatienticanioccur,iandithisihasibeenidocumentedi
inihomeisituationsiasiwelliasiiniinstitutions.iIfineglectioriabuseiofianyikin
d—includingiphysical,iemotional,isexual,ineglect,iorifinancialiabuse—
,isisuspected,itheilocaliadultiprotectiveiservicesiagencyimustibeinotified.i
Theiresponsibilityiofitheinurseiisitoireportitheisuspectediabuse,inotitoipr
oveiit.
WhatiisitheipointiofimedicationsiiniAlzheimer's?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
SlowitheiProgression
WhatitwoicategoriesiofimedicationsiareiuseditoitreatiAlzheimer's?i-
iCorrectiAnswer-Acetylcholinesteraseiinhibitori&iN-methyl-D-
aspartateireceptoriantagonist
N-methyl-D-
aspartateireceptoriantagonist:iName?iWhatiDisease?iWhatitoiwatchifor
?iWhatidoesiitido?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Alzheimer'si
Memantine-iNamenda
Decreasesiglutamateicirculationiinitheibrain
•iWatchirenalidisease
AcetylcholinesteraseiInhibitor:iName?iWhatiDisease?iWhatitoiwatchifo
r?iWhatidoesiitido?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Alzheimer'si
Increasesiuptakeiofiacetylcholinei(Donepezil-iAricept,iRivastigmine-
iExelon)
•iWatchiliveridisease
, CardinaliSignsiofiParkinson'si-iCorrectiAnswer-
Symptoms:iTremor,iRigidity,iBradykinesoai(overallislowingiofiactiveimo
vement),iPosturaliInstabilityi(posturaliandigaitiproblems),
Gradualionset,isymptomsiprogressislowlyioveriaichronic,iprolongedicou
rse
DiagnosisiofiParkinsons:i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Althoughilaboratoryitestsiandiimagingistudiesiareinotihelpfulitoitheiclini
cianiinidiagnosingiPDiongoingiresearchiwithiPETiandisingle-
photoniemissionicomputeditomographyiscanningihasibeenihelpfuliiniun
derstandingitheidiseaseiandiadvancingitreatment.iCurrently,itheidiseas
eiisidiagnosediclinicallyifromitheipatient'sihistoryianditheipresenceiofitw
oiofitheifouricardinalimanifestations:itremor,irigidity,ibradykinesia,iandi
posturalichanges.iCTiscanicanishowisomeichronicichangesibutiwillinotich
angeilongitermioutcomes.iTheimedicalihistory,ipresentingisymptoms,in
eurologiciexamination,iandiresponseitoipharmacologicimanagementiar
eicarefullyievaluatediwhenimakingitheidiagnosis.
ConfirmationiDiagnosisiofiParkinson'si-iCorrectiAnswer-
GiveipatientiLevodopa-Carbodopaiandiseeiifitheyiresponditoiitiorinot.
WhatidoesiLevodopaido?i&iWhatidiseaseiisiitiusediin?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Increasesidopamineiavailableiinitheibrain
Parkinson's
Exam 4 (Modules 8, 9, 10, 11) Questions
With 100% Correct Answers
DeliriumiDefinitioni-iCorrectiAnswer-
Stateiofitemporaryiacuteimentaliconfusion.iUsuallyidevelopsioveriai2-
3idayiperson.iItiisilife-
threateningi&ipossiblyipreventableisyndrome.iMostifrequenticomplicat
ioniofihospitalizationiiniolderiadults.iPriorityiofisafetyianditreatingiunde
rlyingicause.iDelirium,ioftenicallediacuteiconfusionalistate,ibeginsiwithi
disorientationiand,iifinotirecognizedianditreated,icaniprogressitoichange
siinilevelioficonsciousness,iirreversibleibrainidamage,iandisometimeside
ath
DementiaiDefinitioni-iCorrectiAnswer-
Initialisymptomsiareirelateditoichangesiinicognitiveifunction.iTheicogniti
ve,ifunctional,iandibehavioralichangesithaticharacterizeidementiaievent
uallyidestroyiaiperson'siabilityitoifunction.iTheisymptomsiareiusuallyisu
btleiinionsetiandiofteniprogressislowlyiuntilitheyiareiobviousiandidevast
ating.iFamilyimembersioftenireportitoidoctor:iMemoryiloss,iMildidisorie
ntation,iTroubleiwithiwordsiand/orinumbers
Confusion:
SuspectediElderlyiAbusei-iCorrectiAnswer-
Neglectioriabuseiofitheipatienticanioccur,iandithisihasibeenidocumentedi
inihomeisituationsiasiwelliasiiniinstitutions.iIfineglectioriabuseiofianyikin
d—includingiphysical,iemotional,isexual,ineglect,iorifinancialiabuse—
,isisuspected,itheilocaliadultiprotectiveiservicesiagencyimustibeinotified.i
Theiresponsibilityiofitheinurseiisitoireportitheisuspectediabuse,inotitoipr
oveiit.
WhatiisitheipointiofimedicationsiiniAlzheimer's?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
SlowitheiProgression
WhatitwoicategoriesiofimedicationsiareiuseditoitreatiAlzheimer's?i-
iCorrectiAnswer-Acetylcholinesteraseiinhibitori&iN-methyl-D-
aspartateireceptoriantagonist
N-methyl-D-
aspartateireceptoriantagonist:iName?iWhatiDisease?iWhatitoiwatchifor
?iWhatidoesiitido?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Alzheimer'si
Memantine-iNamenda
Decreasesiglutamateicirculationiinitheibrain
•iWatchirenalidisease
AcetylcholinesteraseiInhibitor:iName?iWhatiDisease?iWhatitoiwatchifo
r?iWhatidoesiitido?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Alzheimer'si
Increasesiuptakeiofiacetylcholinei(Donepezil-iAricept,iRivastigmine-
iExelon)
•iWatchiliveridisease
, CardinaliSignsiofiParkinson'si-iCorrectiAnswer-
Symptoms:iTremor,iRigidity,iBradykinesoai(overallislowingiofiactiveimo
vement),iPosturaliInstabilityi(posturaliandigaitiproblems),
Gradualionset,isymptomsiprogressislowlyioveriaichronic,iprolongedicou
rse
DiagnosisiofiParkinsons:i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Althoughilaboratoryitestsiandiimagingistudiesiareinotihelpfulitoitheiclini
cianiinidiagnosingiPDiongoingiresearchiwithiPETiandisingle-
photoniemissionicomputeditomographyiscanningihasibeenihelpfuliiniun
derstandingitheidiseaseiandiadvancingitreatment.iCurrently,itheidiseas
eiisidiagnosediclinicallyifromitheipatient'sihistoryianditheipresenceiofitw
oiofitheifouricardinalimanifestations:itremor,irigidity,ibradykinesia,iandi
posturalichanges.iCTiscanicanishowisomeichronicichangesibutiwillinotich
angeilongitermioutcomes.iTheimedicalihistory,ipresentingisymptoms,in
eurologiciexamination,iandiresponseitoipharmacologicimanagementiar
eicarefullyievaluatediwhenimakingitheidiagnosis.
ConfirmationiDiagnosisiofiParkinson'si-iCorrectiAnswer-
GiveipatientiLevodopa-Carbodopaiandiseeiifitheyiresponditoiitiorinot.
WhatidoesiLevodopaido?i&iWhatidiseaseiisiitiusediin?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Increasesidopamineiavailableiinitheibrain
Parkinson's
