PAEA Pediatrics EOR Exam Update 2024
| Latest EOR PAEA Pediatrics Exam
Latest 2024 Questions and Correct
Answers Rated A+
What is the MC conjunctivitis seen in children? What is the cause?
Source? -ANSWER-viral conjunctivitis; Adenovirus; swimming pools
Dx? Preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge,
scanty mucoid discharge, usually unilateral with punctate staining on
slit lamp examination; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: viral conjunctivitis
Tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines for
itching (Olopatadine)
Dx? Bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge, chemosis
(conjunctival swelling) with cobblestone appearance to inner/upper
eyelids; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: allergic conjunctivitis
Tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine,
Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine), topical NSAID (ketorolac),
topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma, cataracts,
HSV keratitis)
Dx? Purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes, absence
of ciliary injection; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S.
Aureus, Strep pneumo, H. Influenzae)
Tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides,
aminoglycosides); if contact lens wearer cover for pseudomonas w/
fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
If bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea what is
the tx? -ANSWER-admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
,-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
Neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? If left untreated can develop what? -
ANSWER-ophthalmia neonatorum; corneal ulceration,
opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
Standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent
ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) includes: -ANSWER-
erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver nitrate, or
povidone-iodine
If ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on day 1
after birth what is the most likely cause? Day 2-5? Day 5-7? Day 7-
11? -ANSWER-day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause- prophylaxis is
what can cause the condition)
Day 2-5: gonococcal
Day 5-7: chlamydia
Day 7-11: HSV
Orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection in
most commonly what age group? -ANSWER-sinus; 7-12y; other
causes include dental/facial infxns or bacteremia
What is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes
secondary orbital cellulitis? What organisms are the cause? -
ANSWER-ethmoid; S. Aureus, Strep. Pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
Pyogenes), H. Influenzae
Work up/Dx? Decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement, proptosis
(bulging eye), eyelid erythema and edema; tx? -ANSWER-dx: orbital
cellulitis
,Work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
Tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
What is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal
cellulitis? -ANSWER-preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and
swelling but NO visual changes or pain w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't
affected the muscles)
Misalignment of the eyes is aka? When does stable ocular alignment
present in infants? -ANSWER-strabismus; 2-3 mos
Convergent strabismus is aka? Divergent strabismus is aka? -
ANSWER-convergent: esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
Divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
A + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind
spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye) are clinical manifestations of what
condition? What other tests can be performed? -ANSWER-
strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of strabismus,
cover test, convergence testing
How can strabismus be treated? -ANSWER--patch therapy: normal
eye is covered to stimulate and strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative therapy
If not treated before 2 y/o, amblyopia may occur and cause decreased
visual acuity that is not correctable
Dx? 1-2 days of ear pain, pruritis in the ear canal, auricular discharge,
pressure/fullness, hearing usually preserved, pain with tug test and
, tragus pressure, auditory canal erythema/edema/debris, recent
swimming pool use; MC organisms? Tx? -ANSWER-Dx: otitis externa
MC organisms: *pseudomonas*, proteus, s. Aureus, s. Epidermis,
GABHS, anaerobes (peptostreptococcus), aspergillus
Tx: 1. Protect ear against moisture (isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid)
2. Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (ofloxacin safe if there is an
associated TM perf) 3. Aminoglycoside combo (neomycin/polytrim-
B/hydrocortisone -BUT not used if perf suspected bc ototoxic 4.
Amphotericin B if fungal
Malignant otitis externa is osteomyelitis at the skull base secondary to
___________ infxn; MC seen in what pt populations; Tx? -ANSWER-
pseudomonas; MC in DM and immunocompromised pts; Tx w/ IV
Ceftazidime or Piperacillin + FQ or Aminoglycoside
Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, temporal bone and
mastoid air cells that is MC preceded by -ANSWER-a viral URI that
causes edema of eustachian tube, negative pressure, transudation of
fluid and mucus in middle ear that allows for bacterial growth
What are the 4 MC organisms seen in acute otitis media? -ANSWER-
*Strep pneumo*, H. Influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes
(same as seen in acute sinusitis)
Dx: fever, otalgia, ear tugging in infants, conductive hearing loss,
stuffiness, possible drainage from ear, bulging/erythematous TM w/
effusion, dec TM mobility on pneumatic otoscopy; Tx? -ANSWER-dx:
acute otitis media
Tx: 1st line- amoxicillin, 2nd line- augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulate); if
PCN allergy- azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole,
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, if PCN adverse effect but not allergy-
ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixine
| Latest EOR PAEA Pediatrics Exam
Latest 2024 Questions and Correct
Answers Rated A+
What is the MC conjunctivitis seen in children? What is the cause?
Source? -ANSWER-viral conjunctivitis; Adenovirus; swimming pools
Dx? Preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge,
scanty mucoid discharge, usually unilateral with punctate staining on
slit lamp examination; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: viral conjunctivitis
Tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines for
itching (Olopatadine)
Dx? Bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge, chemosis
(conjunctival swelling) with cobblestone appearance to inner/upper
eyelids; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: allergic conjunctivitis
Tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine,
Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine), topical NSAID (ketorolac),
topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma, cataracts,
HSV keratitis)
Dx? Purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes, absence
of ciliary injection; Tx? -ANSWER-dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S.
Aureus, Strep pneumo, H. Influenzae)
Tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides,
aminoglycosides); if contact lens wearer cover for pseudomonas w/
fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
If bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea what is
the tx? -ANSWER-admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
,-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
Neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? If left untreated can develop what? -
ANSWER-ophthalmia neonatorum; corneal ulceration,
opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
Standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent
ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) includes: -ANSWER-
erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver nitrate, or
povidone-iodine
If ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on day 1
after birth what is the most likely cause? Day 2-5? Day 5-7? Day 7-
11? -ANSWER-day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause- prophylaxis is
what can cause the condition)
Day 2-5: gonococcal
Day 5-7: chlamydia
Day 7-11: HSV
Orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection in
most commonly what age group? -ANSWER-sinus; 7-12y; other
causes include dental/facial infxns or bacteremia
What is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes
secondary orbital cellulitis? What organisms are the cause? -
ANSWER-ethmoid; S. Aureus, Strep. Pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
Pyogenes), H. Influenzae
Work up/Dx? Decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement, proptosis
(bulging eye), eyelid erythema and edema; tx? -ANSWER-dx: orbital
cellulitis
,Work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
Tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
What is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal
cellulitis? -ANSWER-preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and
swelling but NO visual changes or pain w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't
affected the muscles)
Misalignment of the eyes is aka? When does stable ocular alignment
present in infants? -ANSWER-strabismus; 2-3 mos
Convergent strabismus is aka? Divergent strabismus is aka? -
ANSWER-convergent: esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
Divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
A + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind
spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye) are clinical manifestations of what
condition? What other tests can be performed? -ANSWER-
strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of strabismus,
cover test, convergence testing
How can strabismus be treated? -ANSWER--patch therapy: normal
eye is covered to stimulate and strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative therapy
If not treated before 2 y/o, amblyopia may occur and cause decreased
visual acuity that is not correctable
Dx? 1-2 days of ear pain, pruritis in the ear canal, auricular discharge,
pressure/fullness, hearing usually preserved, pain with tug test and
, tragus pressure, auditory canal erythema/edema/debris, recent
swimming pool use; MC organisms? Tx? -ANSWER-Dx: otitis externa
MC organisms: *pseudomonas*, proteus, s. Aureus, s. Epidermis,
GABHS, anaerobes (peptostreptococcus), aspergillus
Tx: 1. Protect ear against moisture (isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid)
2. Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (ofloxacin safe if there is an
associated TM perf) 3. Aminoglycoside combo (neomycin/polytrim-
B/hydrocortisone -BUT not used if perf suspected bc ototoxic 4.
Amphotericin B if fungal
Malignant otitis externa is osteomyelitis at the skull base secondary to
___________ infxn; MC seen in what pt populations; Tx? -ANSWER-
pseudomonas; MC in DM and immunocompromised pts; Tx w/ IV
Ceftazidime or Piperacillin + FQ or Aminoglycoside
Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, temporal bone and
mastoid air cells that is MC preceded by -ANSWER-a viral URI that
causes edema of eustachian tube, negative pressure, transudation of
fluid and mucus in middle ear that allows for bacterial growth
What are the 4 MC organisms seen in acute otitis media? -ANSWER-
*Strep pneumo*, H. Influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes
(same as seen in acute sinusitis)
Dx: fever, otalgia, ear tugging in infants, conductive hearing loss,
stuffiness, possible drainage from ear, bulging/erythematous TM w/
effusion, dec TM mobility on pneumatic otoscopy; Tx? -ANSWER-dx:
acute otitis media
Tx: 1st line- amoxicillin, 2nd line- augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulate); if
PCN allergy- azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole,
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, if PCN adverse effect but not allergy-
ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixine
