BMSC 230 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
What is the fate of glutamate after it enters the liver? Correct Ans-It is transported to the
mitochondria and undergoes oxidative deamination to release ammonia
What happens to excess ammonia? Correct Ans-In non-liver tissues it's transported as
glutamine to the liver
Ammonia combine with glutamate to create glutamine which is non-toxic
How is excess ammonia transported to the liver from the muscles? Correct Ans-Through
the use of the glutamate amino group attached to pyruvate which cretes Alanine
Once in the liver it is transaminated back to glutamate
Aminotransferases are important markers for which two diseases? Correct Ans-Liver and
heart damage
What are the precursors of urea? Correct Ans-Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and aspartate
What does aspartate do in the CPS reaction? Correct Ans-Donates the second NH3 groups
to urea
What is hyperammonemia? what are the genetic forms and their symptoms? Correct Ans-
Elevated ammonia levels in the blood
Citrullinemia - lethargy, seizures, reduced muscle tension
, BMSC 230 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
How much ATP is needed in the Urea Cycle? Correct Ans-3
What organ can directly dispose of ammonia? Correct Ans-The kidneys
What are some non essential amino acids? Correct Ans-Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate,
Glutamate, Serine
What are some conditionally essential amino acids? What makes them conditionally
essential? Correct Ans-Arginine and Glycine
Needed to some degree in young, growing animals and or sometimes during illness
Name atleast one essential amino acid. Correct Ans-Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine,
Methionin, Phenylalanine, Valine
What causes gout and what are the symptoms? Correct Ans-Caused by a build up of uric
acid and eventually leads to crystals in the kidneys and joints causing inflammation
Uric acid is also a very effective antioxidant
What is 5-fluorouracil used for and why? Correct Ans-Used as a cancer treatment because
it is a suicide inhibitor of Thymidylate Synthase
What is the fate of glutamate after it enters the liver? Correct Ans-It is transported to the
mitochondria and undergoes oxidative deamination to release ammonia
What happens to excess ammonia? Correct Ans-In non-liver tissues it's transported as
glutamine to the liver
Ammonia combine with glutamate to create glutamine which is non-toxic
How is excess ammonia transported to the liver from the muscles? Correct Ans-Through
the use of the glutamate amino group attached to pyruvate which cretes Alanine
Once in the liver it is transaminated back to glutamate
Aminotransferases are important markers for which two diseases? Correct Ans-Liver and
heart damage
What are the precursors of urea? Correct Ans-Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and aspartate
What does aspartate do in the CPS reaction? Correct Ans-Donates the second NH3 groups
to urea
What is hyperammonemia? what are the genetic forms and their symptoms? Correct Ans-
Elevated ammonia levels in the blood
Citrullinemia - lethargy, seizures, reduced muscle tension
, BMSC 230 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
How much ATP is needed in the Urea Cycle? Correct Ans-3
What organ can directly dispose of ammonia? Correct Ans-The kidneys
What are some non essential amino acids? Correct Ans-Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate,
Glutamate, Serine
What are some conditionally essential amino acids? What makes them conditionally
essential? Correct Ans-Arginine and Glycine
Needed to some degree in young, growing animals and or sometimes during illness
Name atleast one essential amino acid. Correct Ans-Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine,
Methionin, Phenylalanine, Valine
What causes gout and what are the symptoms? Correct Ans-Caused by a build up of uric
acid and eventually leads to crystals in the kidneys and joints causing inflammation
Uric acid is also a very effective antioxidant
What is 5-fluorouracil used for and why? Correct Ans-Used as a cancer treatment because
it is a suicide inhibitor of Thymidylate Synthase
