PBSC-RN Sem 2 Unit 6
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily due to:
a. the release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism.
b. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia.
c. damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose.
d. changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin. -
answerB. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
Which statement would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted
to the hospital with pneumonia?
a. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis.
b. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to
produce insulin.
c. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily
insulin injections.
d. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk
for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. - answerD. The patient may have sufficient
endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome.
Analyze the following diagnostic findings for your patient with type 2 diabetes. Which
result will need further assessment?
a. A1C 9%
b. BP 126/80 mm Hg
c. FBG 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L)
d. LDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) - answerA. A1C 9% - should be lower than
6.5%
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is accurate?
a. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
b. "I am not allowed to eat any sweets because of my diabetes."
c. "I cannot exercise because I take a blood glucose-lowering medication."
d. "The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood
sugar." - answerA. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is
essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital (select
all that apply)?
a. Insulin administration
b. Elimination of sugar from diet
c. Need to reduce physical activity
,d. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor
e. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment - answerA. Insulin administration
D. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor
E. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
What is the priority action for the nurse to take if the patient with type 2 diabetes
complains of blurred vision and irritability?
a. Call the physician.
b. Administer insulin as ordered.
c. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
d. Assess for other neurologic symptoms. - answerC. Check the patient's blood glucose
level. (BG may be low)
A patient with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL (45.7 mmol/L) and is
unresponsive. After assessing the patient, the nurse suspects diabetic ketoacidosis
rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome based on the finding of
a. polyuria.
b. severe dehydration.
c. rapid, deep respirations.
d. decreased serum potassium. - answerC. rapid, deep respirations (Kussmaul
respirations)
Which are appropriate therapies for patients with diabetes mellitus (select all that
apply)?
a. Use of statins to reduce CVD risk
b. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy
c. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
d. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite
e. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy - answerA. Use of statins to reduce
CVD risk
C. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
E. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
A characteristic common to all hormones is that they
a. circulate in the blood bound to plasma proteins.
b. influence cellular activity of specific target tissues.
c. accelerate the metabolic processes of all body cells.
d. enter a cell to alter the cell's metabolism or gene expression. - answerB. influence
cellular activity of specific target tissues.
A patient is receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the kidney. The nurse monitors the
patient for signs and symptoms of damage to the
a. pancreas.
b. thyroid gland.
c. adrenal glands.
d. posterior pituitary gland. - answerC. adrenal glands
, A patient has a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L (152 mmol/L). The normal hormonal
response to this situation is
a. release of ADH.
b. release of ACTH.
c. secretion of aldosterone.
d. secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone. - answerA. release of ADH
All cells in the body are believed to have intracellular receptors for
a. insulin.
b. glucagon.
c. growth hormone.
d. thyroid hormone. - answerD. thyroid hormone
When obtaining subjective data from a patient during assessment of the endocrine
system, the nurse asks specifically about
a. energy level.
b. intake of vitamin C.
c. employment history.
d. frequency of sexual intercourse. - answerA. energy level
An appropriate technique to use during physical assessment of the thyroid gland is
a. asking the patient to hyperextend the neck during palpation.
b. percussing the neck for dullness to define the size of the thyroid.
c. having the patient swallow water during inspection and palpation of the gland.
d. using deep palpation to determine the extent of a visibly enlarged thyroid gland. -
answerC. having the patient swallow water during inspection and palpation of the gland.
Endocrine disorders often go unrecognized in the older adult because
a. symptoms are often attributed to aging.
b. older adults rarely have identifiable symptoms.
c. endocrine disorders are relatively rare in the older adult.
d. older adults usually have subclinical endocrine disorders that minimize symptoms. -
answerA. symptoms are often attributed to aging.
An abnormal finding by the nurse during an endocrine assessment would be (select all
that apply)
a. blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg.
b. excessive facial hair on a woman.
c. soft, formed stool every other day.
d. 3-lb weight gain over last 6 months.
e. hyperpigmented coloration in lower legs. - answerB. excessive facial hair on a
woman
E. hyperpigmented coloration in lower legs.
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily due to:
a. the release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism.
b. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia.
c. damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose.
d. changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin. -
answerB. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
Which statement would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted
to the hospital with pneumonia?
a. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis.
b. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to
produce insulin.
c. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily
insulin injections.
d. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk
for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. - answerD. The patient may have sufficient
endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome.
Analyze the following diagnostic findings for your patient with type 2 diabetes. Which
result will need further assessment?
a. A1C 9%
b. BP 126/80 mm Hg
c. FBG 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L)
d. LDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) - answerA. A1C 9% - should be lower than
6.5%
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is accurate?
a. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
b. "I am not allowed to eat any sweets because of my diabetes."
c. "I cannot exercise because I take a blood glucose-lowering medication."
d. "The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood
sugar." - answerA. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is
essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital (select
all that apply)?
a. Insulin administration
b. Elimination of sugar from diet
c. Need to reduce physical activity
,d. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor
e. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment - answerA. Insulin administration
D. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor
E. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
What is the priority action for the nurse to take if the patient with type 2 diabetes
complains of blurred vision and irritability?
a. Call the physician.
b. Administer insulin as ordered.
c. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
d. Assess for other neurologic symptoms. - answerC. Check the patient's blood glucose
level. (BG may be low)
A patient with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL (45.7 mmol/L) and is
unresponsive. After assessing the patient, the nurse suspects diabetic ketoacidosis
rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome based on the finding of
a. polyuria.
b. severe dehydration.
c. rapid, deep respirations.
d. decreased serum potassium. - answerC. rapid, deep respirations (Kussmaul
respirations)
Which are appropriate therapies for patients with diabetes mellitus (select all that
apply)?
a. Use of statins to reduce CVD risk
b. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy
c. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
d. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite
e. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy - answerA. Use of statins to reduce
CVD risk
C. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
E. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
A characteristic common to all hormones is that they
a. circulate in the blood bound to plasma proteins.
b. influence cellular activity of specific target tissues.
c. accelerate the metabolic processes of all body cells.
d. enter a cell to alter the cell's metabolism or gene expression. - answerB. influence
cellular activity of specific target tissues.
A patient is receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the kidney. The nurse monitors the
patient for signs and symptoms of damage to the
a. pancreas.
b. thyroid gland.
c. adrenal glands.
d. posterior pituitary gland. - answerC. adrenal glands
, A patient has a serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L (152 mmol/L). The normal hormonal
response to this situation is
a. release of ADH.
b. release of ACTH.
c. secretion of aldosterone.
d. secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone. - answerA. release of ADH
All cells in the body are believed to have intracellular receptors for
a. insulin.
b. glucagon.
c. growth hormone.
d. thyroid hormone. - answerD. thyroid hormone
When obtaining subjective data from a patient during assessment of the endocrine
system, the nurse asks specifically about
a. energy level.
b. intake of vitamin C.
c. employment history.
d. frequency of sexual intercourse. - answerA. energy level
An appropriate technique to use during physical assessment of the thyroid gland is
a. asking the patient to hyperextend the neck during palpation.
b. percussing the neck for dullness to define the size of the thyroid.
c. having the patient swallow water during inspection and palpation of the gland.
d. using deep palpation to determine the extent of a visibly enlarged thyroid gland. -
answerC. having the patient swallow water during inspection and palpation of the gland.
Endocrine disorders often go unrecognized in the older adult because
a. symptoms are often attributed to aging.
b. older adults rarely have identifiable symptoms.
c. endocrine disorders are relatively rare in the older adult.
d. older adults usually have subclinical endocrine disorders that minimize symptoms. -
answerA. symptoms are often attributed to aging.
An abnormal finding by the nurse during an endocrine assessment would be (select all
that apply)
a. blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg.
b. excessive facial hair on a woman.
c. soft, formed stool every other day.
d. 3-lb weight gain over last 6 months.
e. hyperpigmented coloration in lower legs. - answerB. excessive facial hair on a
woman
E. hyperpigmented coloration in lower legs.
