NURS 3550 Final questions with correct answers
What is Ethics? Correct Answer-Involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour
3 Forms of Ethics Correct Answer-Meta Ethics
- The attempt to understand the metaphysical, epistemological, semantic,
and psychological, presuppositions and commitments or moral thought,
talk, and practice
Normative Ethics
- Investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act, in
a moral sense
Applied Ethics
- Refers to the practical application of moral considerations with respect
to real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of
private and public life; This includes Research Ethics
Research Ethics Correct Answer-WHO Definition
- Research ethics govern the standards of conduct scientific researchers.
It is important to adhere to ethical principles in order to protect the
dignity, rights, and welfare of research participants; In research
involving human subjects, ethics approval needs to be obtained prior to
starting the study
Who Approves the Study? - Tri-Councel Policy Statement (TCPS)
,Only research adhering to the standards of the Council will receive
funding in Canada
Used by research ethical boards (REBs) across Canada
Avoids any one disciplinary perspective, aims to provide a shared ethical
framework for funding agencies and clinical institutions
Why Are Research Ethics Important? Correct Answer-Protects study
participants, including vulnerable groups
Establishes risk-benefit ratio
Ensures full respect of the dignity, privacy, disclosure, and fair treatment
of participants
Builds capacity of participants to accept or reject study participation
Promotes the aims of research (knowledge, truth and the avoidance of
error)
Promotes values essential to collaborative work
Supports researcher accountability
,Builds public trust in research findings
A Brief Historical Perspective Correct Answer-There are many
examples of breaches of research ethics throughout history. Some
breaches are egregious and constitute crimes against humanity (Nazi
experiments on Jewish prisoners, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-
1972).
Other breaches are less obvious. Breaches involving confidentiality,
informed consent and accurate reporting of study findings are,
unfortunately, quite frequent.
The Belmont Report Correct Answer-Respect for Persons: Right to self-
determination and autonomy; Voluntary participation; Freedom from
coercion
Beneficence: Freedom from exploitation and harm; Risk/Benefit ratio;
Do good - Do no harm
Justice: Right to fair and non-prejudicial treatment; Right to privacy;
Anonymity; Confidentiality
Ethical Dilemmas Correct Answer-Research Area
- Stem cell research; The Human Genome Project; Influence of Big
Pharma; Clinical Research vs. Quality Improvement/EBQI
, Ethical Tension
- Issues of consent, control, and justice; Questions of fairness, privacy,
confidentiality, impact on genetic counselling and prediction of future
disease; Funding from a biased source, privacy and confidentiality,
equitable access to clinical trials; Need for Ethics Review Board (REB)
approval
Access Equity as an Ethical Issue Correct Answer-Principal of Justice
means that all individuals in the population of interest should have equal
opportunity to participate in health research.
Many groups are regularly excluded from studies. For example:
minorities, LGBTTQ, women, the disabled, those with mental illness,
individuals living in
poverty, the homeless.
TCPS - Ethical Principles Correct Answer-Respect for Human Dignity
- Moral imperative to not treat humans as a means to an ends, regardless
of the benefits to research
Respect for Free and Informed Consent
- Participants have the right to make a decision regarding participation in
research
Respect for
What is Ethics? Correct Answer-Involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour
3 Forms of Ethics Correct Answer-Meta Ethics
- The attempt to understand the metaphysical, epistemological, semantic,
and psychological, presuppositions and commitments or moral thought,
talk, and practice
Normative Ethics
- Investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act, in
a moral sense
Applied Ethics
- Refers to the practical application of moral considerations with respect
to real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of
private and public life; This includes Research Ethics
Research Ethics Correct Answer-WHO Definition
- Research ethics govern the standards of conduct scientific researchers.
It is important to adhere to ethical principles in order to protect the
dignity, rights, and welfare of research participants; In research
involving human subjects, ethics approval needs to be obtained prior to
starting the study
Who Approves the Study? - Tri-Councel Policy Statement (TCPS)
,Only research adhering to the standards of the Council will receive
funding in Canada
Used by research ethical boards (REBs) across Canada
Avoids any one disciplinary perspective, aims to provide a shared ethical
framework for funding agencies and clinical institutions
Why Are Research Ethics Important? Correct Answer-Protects study
participants, including vulnerable groups
Establishes risk-benefit ratio
Ensures full respect of the dignity, privacy, disclosure, and fair treatment
of participants
Builds capacity of participants to accept or reject study participation
Promotes the aims of research (knowledge, truth and the avoidance of
error)
Promotes values essential to collaborative work
Supports researcher accountability
,Builds public trust in research findings
A Brief Historical Perspective Correct Answer-There are many
examples of breaches of research ethics throughout history. Some
breaches are egregious and constitute crimes against humanity (Nazi
experiments on Jewish prisoners, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932-
1972).
Other breaches are less obvious. Breaches involving confidentiality,
informed consent and accurate reporting of study findings are,
unfortunately, quite frequent.
The Belmont Report Correct Answer-Respect for Persons: Right to self-
determination and autonomy; Voluntary participation; Freedom from
coercion
Beneficence: Freedom from exploitation and harm; Risk/Benefit ratio;
Do good - Do no harm
Justice: Right to fair and non-prejudicial treatment; Right to privacy;
Anonymity; Confidentiality
Ethical Dilemmas Correct Answer-Research Area
- Stem cell research; The Human Genome Project; Influence of Big
Pharma; Clinical Research vs. Quality Improvement/EBQI
, Ethical Tension
- Issues of consent, control, and justice; Questions of fairness, privacy,
confidentiality, impact on genetic counselling and prediction of future
disease; Funding from a biased source, privacy and confidentiality,
equitable access to clinical trials; Need for Ethics Review Board (REB)
approval
Access Equity as an Ethical Issue Correct Answer-Principal of Justice
means that all individuals in the population of interest should have equal
opportunity to participate in health research.
Many groups are regularly excluded from studies. For example:
minorities, LGBTTQ, women, the disabled, those with mental illness,
individuals living in
poverty, the homeless.
TCPS - Ethical Principles Correct Answer-Respect for Human Dignity
- Moral imperative to not treat humans as a means to an ends, regardless
of the benefits to research
Respect for Free and Informed Consent
- Participants have the right to make a decision regarding participation in
research
Respect for
