NPS Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers
What are the four critical life functions in order of priority? -ANSWER 1. Ventilation -
inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells
What is the first step in patient assessment? - ANSWER Check the chart
What would be subsequent steps in patient assessment? - ANSWER History and
Physical Exam and check radiographs
Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - ANSWER Ventilation
What is an emergency? - ANSWER When one or more of the life functions are being
threatened.
What assessments would you do to know a patient is ventilating? -ANSWER RR, breath
sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? -ANSWER
HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color,
sensorium
How will you know if a patient is circulating? -ANSWER what kind of pulse, capillary
refill, cardiac output
,What is the major parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - ANSWER blood
pressure
What other ways can you measure perfusion? - ANSWER temperature, sensorium, urine
output
What is the most common life function problem? - ANSWER oxygenation
What is the first drug given to everybody? - ANSWER oxygen
What items should be reviewed in patient chart before giving respiratory therapy
treatments? - ANSWER everything
At what age is the neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - ANSWER Fetus = Before birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
Adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most significant electrolytes and their function? - ANSWER sodium,
chloride, potassium
What are the normal neonatal values of the above three electrolytes: sodium, chloride,
and potassium? - ANSWER Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L
What is a normal urine output amount for an infant? - ANSWER 2 mL/kg per hour
,What are the components of the CBC and their normal values? - ANSWER RBC = 4.1-5.7
mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates can be higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6 g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit
(know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - ANSWER Hemoglobin A
What is a Coomb's test? - ANSWER incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate? - ANSWER peaks during pregnancy, after delivery
rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is normal for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - ANSWER 4-5 mg/dL at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated? - ANSWER phototherapy
What is a normal glucose for a term infant? - ANSWER 55-115 mg/dL
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER infection
or sepsis
What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER occurs when mom is
diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
, What procedure is needed to get fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - ANSWER
amniocentesis; very invasive
What is the implication of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - ANSWER Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS
How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - ANSWER 15 minutes
What can be deducted from the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - ANSWER
presence of mature surfactant
What information do you get by evaluation of PG and PC levels? - ANSWER lung maturity
levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What is the maternal history that would determine a pregnancy to be high risk? - ANWER
current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal
alcohol syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabetic mothers have? - ANWER Big babies. They appear full
term but aren't
What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - ANSWER Can pass
right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define Para. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth
Define Gravida. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies
What are the four critical life functions in order of priority? -ANSWER 1. Ventilation -
inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells
What is the first step in patient assessment? - ANSWER Check the chart
What would be subsequent steps in patient assessment? - ANSWER History and
Physical Exam and check radiographs
Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - ANSWER Ventilation
What is an emergency? - ANSWER When one or more of the life functions are being
threatened.
What assessments would you do to know a patient is ventilating? -ANSWER RR, breath
sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? -ANSWER
HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color,
sensorium
How will you know if a patient is circulating? -ANSWER what kind of pulse, capillary
refill, cardiac output
,What is the major parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - ANSWER blood
pressure
What other ways can you measure perfusion? - ANSWER temperature, sensorium, urine
output
What is the most common life function problem? - ANSWER oxygenation
What is the first drug given to everybody? - ANSWER oxygen
What items should be reviewed in patient chart before giving respiratory therapy
treatments? - ANSWER everything
At what age is the neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - ANSWER Fetus = Before birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
Adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most significant electrolytes and their function? - ANSWER sodium,
chloride, potassium
What are the normal neonatal values of the above three electrolytes: sodium, chloride,
and potassium? - ANSWER Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L
What is a normal urine output amount for an infant? - ANSWER 2 mL/kg per hour
,What are the components of the CBC and their normal values? - ANSWER RBC = 4.1-5.7
mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates can be higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6 g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit
(know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - ANSWER Hemoglobin A
What is a Coomb's test? - ANSWER incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham
What does bilirubin help to evaluate? - ANSWER peaks during pregnancy, after delivery
rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice = bilirubin problem
What is normal for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - ANSWER 4-5 mg/dL at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated? - ANSWER phototherapy
What is a normal glucose for a term infant? - ANSWER 55-115 mg/dL
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER infection
or sepsis
What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - ANSWER occurs when mom is
diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
, What procedure is needed to get fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - ANSWER
amniocentesis; very invasive
What is the implication of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - ANSWER Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS
How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - ANSWER 15 minutes
What can be deducted from the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - ANSWER
presence of mature surfactant
What information do you get by evaluation of PG and PC levels? - ANSWER lung maturity
levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What is the maternal history that would determine a pregnancy to be high risk? - ANWER
current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal
alcohol syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabetic mothers have? - ANWER Big babies. They appear full
term but aren't
What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - ANSWER Can pass
right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define Para. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth
Define Gravida. - ANSWER Number of pregnancies
