A&P II Lecture (BIOL 2302) Exam 1
Review Questions Answered Correctly.
Endocrinology - Answer Study of hormones and endocrine organs
Exocrine Glands - Answer -Produce non-hormonal substances such as sweat & saliva
-Have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface
Endocrine Glands - Answer -Produce hormones
-Lack ducts
Hormones - Answer long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph
Autocrines - Answer chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
Paracrines - Answer locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them
Classes of Hormones - Answer -Amino acid-based hormones
-Steroids
Target Cells - Answer -Tissues with receptors for specific hormone
-Activity altered by hormones
Factors of Target Cell Activation - Answer -Blood levels of hormone
-Relative number of receptors on or in target cell
-Affinity of binding between receptor and hormone
Up-Regulation - Answer target cells form more receptors in response to low hormone levels
, Down-Regulation - Answer target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels
Humoral Stimuli - Answer -Changing blood levels of ions and nutrients directly stimulate secretion of
hormones
-ex: Ca2+ in blood
Neural Stimuli - Answer Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
Hormonal Stimuli - Answer Hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones
Nervous System Modulation - Answer -Nervous system modifies stimulation of endocrine glands and
their negative feedback mechanisms
-Nervous system can override normal endocrine controls
Half-Life - Answer time required for hormone's blood level to decrease by half
How are hormones removed from the blood? - Answer -Degrading enzymes
-Kidneys
-Liver
Permissiveness - Answer one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Synergism - Answer more than one hormone produces same effects on target cell
Antagonism - Answer one or more hormones oppose(s) action of another hormone
Pituitary Gland Lobes - Answer -Posterior Pituitary Lobe: Neural tissue
-Anterior Pituitary Lobe: Glandular tissue
Review Questions Answered Correctly.
Endocrinology - Answer Study of hormones and endocrine organs
Exocrine Glands - Answer -Produce non-hormonal substances such as sweat & saliva
-Have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface
Endocrine Glands - Answer -Produce hormones
-Lack ducts
Hormones - Answer long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph
Autocrines - Answer chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
Paracrines - Answer locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them
Classes of Hormones - Answer -Amino acid-based hormones
-Steroids
Target Cells - Answer -Tissues with receptors for specific hormone
-Activity altered by hormones
Factors of Target Cell Activation - Answer -Blood levels of hormone
-Relative number of receptors on or in target cell
-Affinity of binding between receptor and hormone
Up-Regulation - Answer target cells form more receptors in response to low hormone levels
, Down-Regulation - Answer target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels
Humoral Stimuli - Answer -Changing blood levels of ions and nutrients directly stimulate secretion of
hormones
-ex: Ca2+ in blood
Neural Stimuli - Answer Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
Hormonal Stimuli - Answer Hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones
Nervous System Modulation - Answer -Nervous system modifies stimulation of endocrine glands and
their negative feedback mechanisms
-Nervous system can override normal endocrine controls
Half-Life - Answer time required for hormone's blood level to decrease by half
How are hormones removed from the blood? - Answer -Degrading enzymes
-Kidneys
-Liver
Permissiveness - Answer one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Synergism - Answer more than one hormone produces same effects on target cell
Antagonism - Answer one or more hormones oppose(s) action of another hormone
Pituitary Gland Lobes - Answer -Posterior Pituitary Lobe: Neural tissue
-Anterior Pituitary Lobe: Glandular tissue
