NCCPT Exam 1
Definition of a Personal Trainer - answer1) a person who works one on one with a client
to implement an exercise or fitness regimen
2) student/empathetic teacher of the movement and functions of the human body and
the internal/external forces that act upon it; who professionally motivates, plans, and
monitors the benefits of fitness exercise and nutrition as they relate to their client's
health-related goals- a protector of health and wellbeing
Exercise Physiology - answer study of the changes in cell and organ functions due to
muscular activity
Energy Systems - answer3;
- ATP/Creatine Phosphate system (Phosphagen system)
- Glycolysis (anaerobic, glycolytic system)
- aerobic oxidation
ATP/Creatine Phosphate system (Phosphagen system) - answer the body's immediate
energy system, used during physical work that lasts 1-10 seconds. When immediate
energy is needed for rapid, high- intensity activities, the body breaks down enough ATP
to fuel about one second of explosive exercise at a time.
- anaerobic
Fuel source- CP
< 10 seconds
used in very high-intensity workouts (95-100%)
Glycolysis - answerA metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars
through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for
the body in the form of ATP
- anaerobic
fuel source: Carbohydrates
Used in high to moderate-intensity workouts (85-95%)
Aerobic Oxidation System - answer- aerobic
- uses carbs, fats, and protein
- used in moderate to low intensity workouts, (< 85%)
Muscle Physiology - answermovement of the skeleton and muscular tissue, nerves,
connective tissue, and blood vessels
2 components of muscles
- active contractile component
- passive non-contractile component
, active contractile component - answerproduces tension through the sliding of
microscopic fibers, which shortens muscles
Passive Non-Contractile Component - answerConsists of tendons, connective tissue
and ligaments
Endomysium - answerConnective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma - answermuscle cell membrane
Fasciculi - answerbundles of muscle fibers
Perimysium - answerConnective tissue surrounding a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)
Epimysium - answera sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.
crossbridge - answerthis forms when the myosin heads attach to actin during muscle
contraction
low energy conformation - answerATP bound to myosin
Low affinity for actin
high energy conformation - answerADP and Pi bound to myosin
High affinity for actin
actin, tropomyosin, troponin - answerthin filaments- function is to cover the actin binding
sites when the muscle is not stimulated
Muscle Fiber Types - answerskeletal, cardiac, visceral
slow twitch fibers - answerred muscle fibers that are slow to contract but have the ability
to continue contracting for long periods of time
fast twitch fibers - answermuscle fibers that contract rapidly and forcefully but fatigue
quickly
Cardiac muscles are - answerepicardium, myocardium, endothelium
Sherrington's Law of Reciprocal Inhibition - answerIf a muscle is contracted, its
antagonist muscle must relax for motion to occur
Flexors - answerdecrease angle of joint
Extensors - answerincrease angle of joint
Definition of a Personal Trainer - answer1) a person who works one on one with a client
to implement an exercise or fitness regimen
2) student/empathetic teacher of the movement and functions of the human body and
the internal/external forces that act upon it; who professionally motivates, plans, and
monitors the benefits of fitness exercise and nutrition as they relate to their client's
health-related goals- a protector of health and wellbeing
Exercise Physiology - answer study of the changes in cell and organ functions due to
muscular activity
Energy Systems - answer3;
- ATP/Creatine Phosphate system (Phosphagen system)
- Glycolysis (anaerobic, glycolytic system)
- aerobic oxidation
ATP/Creatine Phosphate system (Phosphagen system) - answer the body's immediate
energy system, used during physical work that lasts 1-10 seconds. When immediate
energy is needed for rapid, high- intensity activities, the body breaks down enough ATP
to fuel about one second of explosive exercise at a time.
- anaerobic
Fuel source- CP
< 10 seconds
used in very high-intensity workouts (95-100%)
Glycolysis - answerA metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars
through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for
the body in the form of ATP
- anaerobic
fuel source: Carbohydrates
Used in high to moderate-intensity workouts (85-95%)
Aerobic Oxidation System - answer- aerobic
- uses carbs, fats, and protein
- used in moderate to low intensity workouts, (< 85%)
Muscle Physiology - answermovement of the skeleton and muscular tissue, nerves,
connective tissue, and blood vessels
2 components of muscles
- active contractile component
- passive non-contractile component
, active contractile component - answerproduces tension through the sliding of
microscopic fibers, which shortens muscles
Passive Non-Contractile Component - answerConsists of tendons, connective tissue
and ligaments
Endomysium - answerConnective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma - answermuscle cell membrane
Fasciculi - answerbundles of muscle fibers
Perimysium - answerConnective tissue surrounding a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)
Epimysium - answera sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.
crossbridge - answerthis forms when the myosin heads attach to actin during muscle
contraction
low energy conformation - answerATP bound to myosin
Low affinity for actin
high energy conformation - answerADP and Pi bound to myosin
High affinity for actin
actin, tropomyosin, troponin - answerthin filaments- function is to cover the actin binding
sites when the muscle is not stimulated
Muscle Fiber Types - answerskeletal, cardiac, visceral
slow twitch fibers - answerred muscle fibers that are slow to contract but have the ability
to continue contracting for long periods of time
fast twitch fibers - answermuscle fibers that contract rapidly and forcefully but fatigue
quickly
Cardiac muscles are - answerepicardium, myocardium, endothelium
Sherrington's Law of Reciprocal Inhibition - answerIf a muscle is contracted, its
antagonist muscle must relax for motion to occur
Flexors - answerdecrease angle of joint
Extensors - answerincrease angle of joint
