MCPHS -Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study
guide | Questions and Verified Answers
Muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, pterygoids (lateral, medial)
temporalis muscle
origin: temporal fossa
insertion: anterior portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process
function: elevates and retracts mandible
masseter muscle
origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral side of mandibular ramus
function: elevates and protracts mandible
pterygoids
origin: lateral and medial side of pterygoid plate respectively
insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disk (lateral) Medial surface of mandible
(medial)
lateral: depresses and protracts mandible; side to side movements
medial: elevates and protracts mandible; side to side movements
hyoid muscles
suprahyoid: digasatric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid
infrahyoid: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
digastric muscle
function: depresses and retracts mandible; elevates hyoid
geniohyoid
,function: protracts hyoid; depresses mandible
mylohyoid
function: elevates floor of mouth and tongue; depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed
stylohyoid
function: elevates hyoid
omohyoid
function: depresses hyoid; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
sternohyoid
function: depresses hyoid; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
sternothyroid
function: depresses larynx; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
thyrohyoid
function: depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage of larynx; fixes hyoid when opening
mouth
tongue muscles
intrinsic: longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
extrinsic: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
intrinsic muscles of tongue
change tongue shape
genioglossus
depresses and protrudes tongue
hyoglossus
, retracts and depresses side of tongue
styloglossus
retracts tongue
palatoglossus
elevates posterior tongue
Muscles of swallowing
larynx, pharynx,
muscles of moving the eye
oblique: inferior and superior
rectus: inferior, lateral, medial, superior
oblique muscle of the eye
inferior: elevates and laterally moves eye
superior: depresses and laterally moves eye
rectus muscles of the eye
inferior: depresses and medially moves eye
lateral: laterally moves eye
medial: medially moves eye
Superior: elevates and medially moves eye
erector spinae
group of muscles on each side of the back to maintain posture
three subgroups of erector spinae
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
muscles of the thorax
guide | Questions and Verified Answers
Muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, pterygoids (lateral, medial)
temporalis muscle
origin: temporal fossa
insertion: anterior portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process
function: elevates and retracts mandible
masseter muscle
origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral side of mandibular ramus
function: elevates and protracts mandible
pterygoids
origin: lateral and medial side of pterygoid plate respectively
insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disk (lateral) Medial surface of mandible
(medial)
lateral: depresses and protracts mandible; side to side movements
medial: elevates and protracts mandible; side to side movements
hyoid muscles
suprahyoid: digasatric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid
infrahyoid: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
digastric muscle
function: depresses and retracts mandible; elevates hyoid
geniohyoid
,function: protracts hyoid; depresses mandible
mylohyoid
function: elevates floor of mouth and tongue; depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed
stylohyoid
function: elevates hyoid
omohyoid
function: depresses hyoid; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
sternohyoid
function: depresses hyoid; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
sternothyroid
function: depresses larynx; fixes hyoid when opening mouth
thyrohyoid
function: depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage of larynx; fixes hyoid when opening
mouth
tongue muscles
intrinsic: longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
extrinsic: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
intrinsic muscles of tongue
change tongue shape
genioglossus
depresses and protrudes tongue
hyoglossus
, retracts and depresses side of tongue
styloglossus
retracts tongue
palatoglossus
elevates posterior tongue
Muscles of swallowing
larynx, pharynx,
muscles of moving the eye
oblique: inferior and superior
rectus: inferior, lateral, medial, superior
oblique muscle of the eye
inferior: elevates and laterally moves eye
superior: depresses and laterally moves eye
rectus muscles of the eye
inferior: depresses and medially moves eye
lateral: laterally moves eye
medial: medially moves eye
Superior: elevates and medially moves eye
erector spinae
group of muscles on each side of the back to maintain posture
three subgroups of erector spinae
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
muscles of the thorax
