NRS 400 - Final Exam 100% Accurate!!
stroke - ANSWERpatho:
hemorrhagic or thrombolitic clot in an artery that stops blood flow to the brain or bleed in the brain
that may cause increased pressure and decreased perfusion to an area of the brain
stroke - ANSWERetiology:
emboli, air, or blood
bleeding disorders
medication
stroke - ANSWERmanifestations:
headache
weakness
paralysis
respiratory problems
hypertension
motor changes on one side of the body
aphasia
changes in sensory perception
stroke - ANSWERpotential complications:
permanent paralysis
aspiration
falls
respiratory complications
immobility complications
stroke - ANSWERlabs/diagnostics:
CT and MRI of the brain
stroke - ANSWERnutrition:
cardiac diet
swallow study
stroke - ANSWERmedications:
,TPA anti-platelet
anticoagulants
statins
antihypertensives
vasoconstrictors
calcium channel blockers
anti-seizure medications
pain medications
stroke - ANSWERnursing interventions:
BP management
post-op care (stents)
fluid and electrolytes
respiratory management - HOB 30° or higher
NIH
VTE
skin care
assistive mobility devices
detailed assessments - neuro checks
education on s/s and how to prevent
safety/seizure precautions - what they can and can't eat (aspiration and falls)
concussion - ANSWERpatho:
sudden movement of the head that shakes the brain and causes the brain to be pushed up against
the inside of the skull on impact which can irritate brain tissue and possibly cause nerve damage
concussion - ANSWERetiology:
injury
falls
any blow to the head
concussion - ANSWERmanifestations:
some sort of head trauma
light sensitive
nausea/vomiting
,amnesia
headache
visual changes
loss of balance
grade 1 = no loss of consciousness, symptoms last 15 min or less
grade 2 = no loss of consciousness, symptoms last 15 min or longer
grade 3 = loss of consciousness = automatic hospital stay
concussion - ANSWERpotential complications:
long term memory loss
ICP issues
post concussion syndrome
concussion - ANSWERlabs/diagnostics:
ImPACT testing
CT to show structural damage or bleeding
concussion - ANSWERnutrition:
no specific diet changes
encourage hydration, high protein, and high vitamins to promote healing
concussion - ANSWERmedications:
pain medications
vestibular suppressants
antidepressants
concussion - ANSWERnursing interventions:
GCS
LOC
PERRLA
monitor for s/s increased ICP
calm environment
acetaminophen - avoid ibuprofen and aspirin
injury prevention
epilepsy - ANSWERpatho:
, neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of many sensory disturbances, loss of
consciousness, or convulsions associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain
epilepsy - ANSWERetiology:
any event ranging from improper brain development, genetic disorders, brain inflammation, physical
injury or infection, and strokes - in 50% of patients, the cause is unknown
epilepsy - ANSWERmanifestations:
staring spells
uncontrollable jerking movements
loss of consciousness
not interactive - absentness
focal seizures - does not involve entire brain, symptoms depend on what part of the brain is seizing
aura
post-ictal state - confused, lethargic, stop breathing, loss of consciousness
epilepsy - ANSWERpotential complications:
aspiration
permanent brain damage
injury
epilepsy - ANSWERLabs/diagnostics:
EEG
epilepsy - ANSWERmedications:
antiepileptics (carbamazepine)
sedatives (diazepam, clonazepam)
epilepsy - ANSWERnursing interventions:
evaluate what may be possible triggers
medication education
safety - seizure pads, possible helmet, medical bracelet
turn them on their side, time, observe, and record seizures
stay with them, call for help, give rescue medications
no suction but have it ready for when the seizure is over
parkinsons - ANSWERpatho:
loss of dopamine neurons, decline in lewy bodies, eventually leads to loss of brain function
parkinsons - ANSWERetiology:
stroke - ANSWERpatho:
hemorrhagic or thrombolitic clot in an artery that stops blood flow to the brain or bleed in the brain
that may cause increased pressure and decreased perfusion to an area of the brain
stroke - ANSWERetiology:
emboli, air, or blood
bleeding disorders
medication
stroke - ANSWERmanifestations:
headache
weakness
paralysis
respiratory problems
hypertension
motor changes on one side of the body
aphasia
changes in sensory perception
stroke - ANSWERpotential complications:
permanent paralysis
aspiration
falls
respiratory complications
immobility complications
stroke - ANSWERlabs/diagnostics:
CT and MRI of the brain
stroke - ANSWERnutrition:
cardiac diet
swallow study
stroke - ANSWERmedications:
,TPA anti-platelet
anticoagulants
statins
antihypertensives
vasoconstrictors
calcium channel blockers
anti-seizure medications
pain medications
stroke - ANSWERnursing interventions:
BP management
post-op care (stents)
fluid and electrolytes
respiratory management - HOB 30° or higher
NIH
VTE
skin care
assistive mobility devices
detailed assessments - neuro checks
education on s/s and how to prevent
safety/seizure precautions - what they can and can't eat (aspiration and falls)
concussion - ANSWERpatho:
sudden movement of the head that shakes the brain and causes the brain to be pushed up against
the inside of the skull on impact which can irritate brain tissue and possibly cause nerve damage
concussion - ANSWERetiology:
injury
falls
any blow to the head
concussion - ANSWERmanifestations:
some sort of head trauma
light sensitive
nausea/vomiting
,amnesia
headache
visual changes
loss of balance
grade 1 = no loss of consciousness, symptoms last 15 min or less
grade 2 = no loss of consciousness, symptoms last 15 min or longer
grade 3 = loss of consciousness = automatic hospital stay
concussion - ANSWERpotential complications:
long term memory loss
ICP issues
post concussion syndrome
concussion - ANSWERlabs/diagnostics:
ImPACT testing
CT to show structural damage or bleeding
concussion - ANSWERnutrition:
no specific diet changes
encourage hydration, high protein, and high vitamins to promote healing
concussion - ANSWERmedications:
pain medications
vestibular suppressants
antidepressants
concussion - ANSWERnursing interventions:
GCS
LOC
PERRLA
monitor for s/s increased ICP
calm environment
acetaminophen - avoid ibuprofen and aspirin
injury prevention
epilepsy - ANSWERpatho:
, neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of many sensory disturbances, loss of
consciousness, or convulsions associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain
epilepsy - ANSWERetiology:
any event ranging from improper brain development, genetic disorders, brain inflammation, physical
injury or infection, and strokes - in 50% of patients, the cause is unknown
epilepsy - ANSWERmanifestations:
staring spells
uncontrollable jerking movements
loss of consciousness
not interactive - absentness
focal seizures - does not involve entire brain, symptoms depend on what part of the brain is seizing
aura
post-ictal state - confused, lethargic, stop breathing, loss of consciousness
epilepsy - ANSWERpotential complications:
aspiration
permanent brain damage
injury
epilepsy - ANSWERLabs/diagnostics:
EEG
epilepsy - ANSWERmedications:
antiepileptics (carbamazepine)
sedatives (diazepam, clonazepam)
epilepsy - ANSWERnursing interventions:
evaluate what may be possible triggers
medication education
safety - seizure pads, possible helmet, medical bracelet
turn them on their side, time, observe, and record seizures
stay with them, call for help, give rescue medications
no suction but have it ready for when the seizure is over
parkinsons - ANSWERpatho:
loss of dopamine neurons, decline in lewy bodies, eventually leads to loss of brain function
parkinsons - ANSWERetiology:
