NSG 262 Exam 2 With Complete
Solution
Compliance - ANSWER the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in
response to increased intra-alveolar pressure
> decreases in diseases like pulmonary edema or with injuries like fractured
ribs
Airway Resistance - ANSWER the increase in pressure that occurs as the
diameter of the airways decreases from mouth/nose to alveoli
> this decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the alveoli
Oxygen Demand - ANSWER how much oxygen the body needs for an a
certain activity level
Chronic Diseases that affect oxygenation - ANSWER > COPD
> asthma
> bronchitis
Conditions that affect chest wall movement that ultimately affect
oxygenation - ANSWER > pregnancy
> obesity
> neuromuscular disease
> trauma
Surfactant - ANSWER chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface
,tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
> "alveoli are coated with it"
Hyperventilation - ANSWER breathing too fast
> loss of CO2
Hypoventilation - ANSWER breathing too slow
> too much CO2
Hypoxia - ANSWER insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues at a cellular level
Hypercapnia - ANSWER excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
> caused by hypoventilation
Hypovolemia - ANSWER low blood volume
> caused by hemorrhage
Atelectasis - ANSWER collapse of alveoli (collapsed lung)
Anemia - ANSWER lack of a normal number of red blood cells
CP - ANSWER chest pain
Dyspnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing
Orthopnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing when lying down
Wheezing, Rales, Rhonchi - ANSWER harsh lung sounds
If patient has a cough, what should be the first thing assessed? - ANSWER "is
it productive?"
Semi-Fowlers Position - ANSWER most effective position for promotion of
, lung expansion
Coughing and deep breathing are techniques that.... - ANSWER protect the
alveoli and promote lung expansion
Incentive Spirometry - ANSWER method of encouraging voluntary deep
breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume
they have achieved
Nasal Cannula - ANSWER > 1-6 L/min
> 24-44% O2
> does NOT impede eating or talking
> can dislodge easily
> can cause skin breakdown and irritation of backs of ears of patient
Simple Face Mask - ANSWER > 6-12 L/min
> 35-50% O2
> used for short term therapy
Partial and Nonrebreather Mask - ANSWER > 10-15 L/min
60-90% O2
> used for higher concentrations
Venturi Mask - ANSWER > 4-12 L/min
> 24-50% O2
> high flow delivery
> O2 can be adjusted through different attachments/valves
Solution
Compliance - ANSWER the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in
response to increased intra-alveolar pressure
> decreases in diseases like pulmonary edema or with injuries like fractured
ribs
Airway Resistance - ANSWER the increase in pressure that occurs as the
diameter of the airways decreases from mouth/nose to alveoli
> this decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the alveoli
Oxygen Demand - ANSWER how much oxygen the body needs for an a
certain activity level
Chronic Diseases that affect oxygenation - ANSWER > COPD
> asthma
> bronchitis
Conditions that affect chest wall movement that ultimately affect
oxygenation - ANSWER > pregnancy
> obesity
> neuromuscular disease
> trauma
Surfactant - ANSWER chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface
,tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
> "alveoli are coated with it"
Hyperventilation - ANSWER breathing too fast
> loss of CO2
Hypoventilation - ANSWER breathing too slow
> too much CO2
Hypoxia - ANSWER insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues at a cellular level
Hypercapnia - ANSWER excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
> caused by hypoventilation
Hypovolemia - ANSWER low blood volume
> caused by hemorrhage
Atelectasis - ANSWER collapse of alveoli (collapsed lung)
Anemia - ANSWER lack of a normal number of red blood cells
CP - ANSWER chest pain
Dyspnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing
Orthopnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing when lying down
Wheezing, Rales, Rhonchi - ANSWER harsh lung sounds
If patient has a cough, what should be the first thing assessed? - ANSWER "is
it productive?"
Semi-Fowlers Position - ANSWER most effective position for promotion of
, lung expansion
Coughing and deep breathing are techniques that.... - ANSWER protect the
alveoli and promote lung expansion
Incentive Spirometry - ANSWER method of encouraging voluntary deep
breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume
they have achieved
Nasal Cannula - ANSWER > 1-6 L/min
> 24-44% O2
> does NOT impede eating or talking
> can dislodge easily
> can cause skin breakdown and irritation of backs of ears of patient
Simple Face Mask - ANSWER > 6-12 L/min
> 35-50% O2
> used for short term therapy
Partial and Nonrebreather Mask - ANSWER > 10-15 L/min
60-90% O2
> used for higher concentrations
Venturi Mask - ANSWER > 4-12 L/min
> 24-50% O2
> high flow delivery
> O2 can be adjusted through different attachments/valves
