NTR-419 PRACTICE EXAM 2
Lower esophageal sphincter - ANSWER a muscular ring that controls
the flow between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric sphincter - ANSWER Controls passage of food from the stomach
to small intestine
Enteral - ANSWER -use of the GI tract via tube instead of oral feeding
-use when oral intake is inadequate or not possible, but GI tract is still
functional
Parenteral - ANSWER going around the GI tract via IV (intravenous,
inside a vein) feeding through large vein or peripheral vein
Aspiration - ANSWER breathing/bringing a foreign object into the lungs
Gastroparesis - ANSWER delayed stomach emptying, part of the
cytokine-induced acute stress response which leads to high gastric
residual volume which causes nausea or vomiting
Gastric residual volume - ANSWER the volume of formula and GI
secretions remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Indirect calorimetry - ANSWER measurement of oxygen consumption as
an estimate of resting metabolic rate
Polymeric - ANSWER macronutrients are intact, so still need digestion
Monomeric - ANSWER macronutrients are hydrolyzed, so no need for
digestion
Nasogastric - ANSWER tube from nose to stomach, EN feeding
Post-pyloric - ANSWER after the pyloric sphincter between stomach and
duodenum (small intestine)
, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - ANSWER a feeding tube
inserted endoscopically through the skin into the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) - ANSWER post-pyloric
placement; feeding catheter inserted into the jejunum through the skin
and subcutaneous tissues of the abdomen
Hyperalimentation - ANSWER excess feeding which means excess
energy causing severe hyperglycemia and that leads to increase risk of
infection and sepsis
Nosocomial - ANSWER hospital acquired infection
Amylases - ANSWER Digestive enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates into monosaccharides
Lipases - ANSWER
Proteases - ANSWER digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into
amino acids and di/tripeptides
Bicarbonate - ANSWER HCO3-, neutralizes acidic contents from
stomach
Bile - ANSWER A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat
particles
Hypermotility - ANSWER excessive movement causing diarrhea
Peristalsis - ANSWER waves of movement created by circular and
longitudinal muscles throughout GI tract
Sphincters - ANSWER circular muscles separate each organ; control
movement from one organ to next
Stasis - ANSWER absence of movement causing constipation
Lower esophageal sphincter - ANSWER a muscular ring that controls
the flow between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric sphincter - ANSWER Controls passage of food from the stomach
to small intestine
Enteral - ANSWER -use of the GI tract via tube instead of oral feeding
-use when oral intake is inadequate or not possible, but GI tract is still
functional
Parenteral - ANSWER going around the GI tract via IV (intravenous,
inside a vein) feeding through large vein or peripheral vein
Aspiration - ANSWER breathing/bringing a foreign object into the lungs
Gastroparesis - ANSWER delayed stomach emptying, part of the
cytokine-induced acute stress response which leads to high gastric
residual volume which causes nausea or vomiting
Gastric residual volume - ANSWER the volume of formula and GI
secretions remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Indirect calorimetry - ANSWER measurement of oxygen consumption as
an estimate of resting metabolic rate
Polymeric - ANSWER macronutrients are intact, so still need digestion
Monomeric - ANSWER macronutrients are hydrolyzed, so no need for
digestion
Nasogastric - ANSWER tube from nose to stomach, EN feeding
Post-pyloric - ANSWER after the pyloric sphincter between stomach and
duodenum (small intestine)
, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - ANSWER a feeding tube
inserted endoscopically through the skin into the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) - ANSWER post-pyloric
placement; feeding catheter inserted into the jejunum through the skin
and subcutaneous tissues of the abdomen
Hyperalimentation - ANSWER excess feeding which means excess
energy causing severe hyperglycemia and that leads to increase risk of
infection and sepsis
Nosocomial - ANSWER hospital acquired infection
Amylases - ANSWER Digestive enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates into monosaccharides
Lipases - ANSWER
Proteases - ANSWER digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into
amino acids and di/tripeptides
Bicarbonate - ANSWER HCO3-, neutralizes acidic contents from
stomach
Bile - ANSWER A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat
particles
Hypermotility - ANSWER excessive movement causing diarrhea
Peristalsis - ANSWER waves of movement created by circular and
longitudinal muscles throughout GI tract
Sphincters - ANSWER circular muscles separate each organ; control
movement from one organ to next
Stasis - ANSWER absence of movement causing constipation
