BSC 108 Exam 2 Latest Updated Graded A+
Define Anaerobic vs. aerobic respiration - ANSWER-Anaerobic- without oxygen
Aerobic- requires oxygen
Define Asexual vs sexual reproduction - ANSWER-Asexual- does not involve
fertilization of egg by sperm
Sexual- requires fertilization of an egg by sperm
Define Haploid vs. diploid - ANSWER-Haploid- a cell with a single chromosome set
Diploid- a cell with pairs of homologous chromosomes
Define Somatic vs. germ cells - ANSWER-Somatic cells- has 46 chromosomes
How do the chromosomes divide in Anaphase I of meiosis? Anaphase II? - ANSWER-In
anaphase 1, the attachment between the homologous chromosomes of each pair
breaks, and the chromosomes migrate towards the poles of the cell. In anaphase 2, the
same happens
How do the chromosomes line up in Metaphase I of meiosis? Metaphase II? -
ANSWER-In Metaphase 1 they line up in the middle of the cell. In metaphase 2 they
also line up in the middle of the cell
How do you get energy from ATP? - ANSWER-ATP is recycled from ADP and
phosphate through cellular respiration. ATP functions in what is called energy coupling,
or the ATP cycle.
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - ANSWER-Some bind to the active site, as a
substrate imposter
Bind a remote site, changing the enzymes shape
How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals? - ANSWER-In plants: a new cell wall
is formed
In animals: pulling of the cell which creates two cells
How many ATP's does glycolysis produce? - ANSWER-2 molecules of ATP per glucose
molecule
How many cells do you begin and end with for mitosis and meiosis? - ANSWER-
Mitosis- begin with 1 end with 2
Meiosis- begin with 1 end with 4
How many chromosomes do Humans have? - ANSWER-46
How many times does the DNA replicate in mitosis? - ANSWER-1 time. In interphase
, How much energy is made at each step of cellular respiration? - ANSWER-2 at
glycolysis and citric acid cycle. 28 in electron transport. 2+2+28=32
How much energy is made from cellular respiration? - ANSWER-32 ATP
How much energy is made in anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER-2 ATP
What are alternative forms of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-C4 Pathway (sugarcane) and
CAM pathways (pineapple)
What are homologous chromosomes? - ANSWER-Two chromosomes of a matching
pair that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
What are sister chromatids? - ANSWER-Contain identical genes
What are some key differences between mitosis and meiosis? - ANSWER-mitosis
involves 1 division of the nucleus and cytoplasm creating 2 diploid cells, while meiosis
involves 2 divisions creating 4 haploid cells
What are some of the causes of cancer? - ANSWER-Mutation in one or more genes
What are some products of anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast? - ANSWER-
Lactic acid and ethyl alcohol
What are the different types of energy? - ANSWER-- Kinetic- the energy of motion
- potential- stored energy
What are the phases of mitosis? Know what happens in each phase. - ANSWER-
Interphase- chromosomes are duplicated
Prophase- chromatin fibers coil, spindles begin to form. Chromosomes more toward the
center of the cell
Metaphase- centromeres line up in the center of the cell
Anaphase- sister chromatids of each chromosome separate. Chromosomes move
toward opposite poll of the cell
Telophase- nuclear envelopes form and the chromosomes uncoil, spindle disappears
Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm
What are the phases of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-Interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What are the steps of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-Light reactions and the Calvin Cycle
What causes Down syndrome? - ANSWER-An extra chromosome 21
What causes mutations? - ANSWER-What causes mutations?
Define Anaerobic vs. aerobic respiration - ANSWER-Anaerobic- without oxygen
Aerobic- requires oxygen
Define Asexual vs sexual reproduction - ANSWER-Asexual- does not involve
fertilization of egg by sperm
Sexual- requires fertilization of an egg by sperm
Define Haploid vs. diploid - ANSWER-Haploid- a cell with a single chromosome set
Diploid- a cell with pairs of homologous chromosomes
Define Somatic vs. germ cells - ANSWER-Somatic cells- has 46 chromosomes
How do the chromosomes divide in Anaphase I of meiosis? Anaphase II? - ANSWER-In
anaphase 1, the attachment between the homologous chromosomes of each pair
breaks, and the chromosomes migrate towards the poles of the cell. In anaphase 2, the
same happens
How do the chromosomes line up in Metaphase I of meiosis? Metaphase II? -
ANSWER-In Metaphase 1 they line up in the middle of the cell. In metaphase 2 they
also line up in the middle of the cell
How do you get energy from ATP? - ANSWER-ATP is recycled from ADP and
phosphate through cellular respiration. ATP functions in what is called energy coupling,
or the ATP cycle.
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - ANSWER-Some bind to the active site, as a
substrate imposter
Bind a remote site, changing the enzymes shape
How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals? - ANSWER-In plants: a new cell wall
is formed
In animals: pulling of the cell which creates two cells
How many ATP's does glycolysis produce? - ANSWER-2 molecules of ATP per glucose
molecule
How many cells do you begin and end with for mitosis and meiosis? - ANSWER-
Mitosis- begin with 1 end with 2
Meiosis- begin with 1 end with 4
How many chromosomes do Humans have? - ANSWER-46
How many times does the DNA replicate in mitosis? - ANSWER-1 time. In interphase
, How much energy is made at each step of cellular respiration? - ANSWER-2 at
glycolysis and citric acid cycle. 28 in electron transport. 2+2+28=32
How much energy is made from cellular respiration? - ANSWER-32 ATP
How much energy is made in anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER-2 ATP
What are alternative forms of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-C4 Pathway (sugarcane) and
CAM pathways (pineapple)
What are homologous chromosomes? - ANSWER-Two chromosomes of a matching
pair that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
What are sister chromatids? - ANSWER-Contain identical genes
What are some key differences between mitosis and meiosis? - ANSWER-mitosis
involves 1 division of the nucleus and cytoplasm creating 2 diploid cells, while meiosis
involves 2 divisions creating 4 haploid cells
What are some of the causes of cancer? - ANSWER-Mutation in one or more genes
What are some products of anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast? - ANSWER-
Lactic acid and ethyl alcohol
What are the different types of energy? - ANSWER-- Kinetic- the energy of motion
- potential- stored energy
What are the phases of mitosis? Know what happens in each phase. - ANSWER-
Interphase- chromosomes are duplicated
Prophase- chromatin fibers coil, spindles begin to form. Chromosomes more toward the
center of the cell
Metaphase- centromeres line up in the center of the cell
Anaphase- sister chromatids of each chromosome separate. Chromosomes move
toward opposite poll of the cell
Telophase- nuclear envelopes form and the chromosomes uncoil, spindle disappears
Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm
What are the phases of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-Interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What are the steps of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-Light reactions and the Calvin Cycle
What causes Down syndrome? - ANSWER-An extra chromosome 21
What causes mutations? - ANSWER-What causes mutations?
