D115 NURS 5800
Advanced Pathophysiology
OA READINESS EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
, 1. Multiple Choice
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis. Laboratory tests reveal decreased hemoglobin
and elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV). What is the
most likely diagnosis?
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Thalassemia
Answer:
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Rationale:
Elevated MCV indicates macrocytic anemia, which is often
due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis are common symptoms associated with vitamin
B12 deficiency.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, _________
directly causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood
pressure.
Answer:
Angiotensin II
Rationale:
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
©2024/2025
, blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels.
---
3. True/False
True or False: In congestive heart failure, the left-sided
failure is primarily characterized by peripheral edema.
Answer:
False
Rationale:
Left-sided heart failure is primarily characterized by
pulmonary congestion (e.g., pulmonary edema, shortness
of breath), whereas right-sided heart failure often leads to
peripheral edema.
---
4. Multiple Response
Select all that apply. Which of the following are considered
risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
a) Advanced age
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Obesity
d) Sedentary lifestyle
Answer:
a) Advanced age
c) Obesity
d) Sedentary lifestyle
Rationale:
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
OA READINESS EXAM
Q&S
©2024/2025
, 1. Multiple Choice
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis. Laboratory tests reveal decreased hemoglobin
and elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV). What is the
most likely diagnosis?
a) Iron deficiency anemia
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
c) Anemia of chronic disease
d) Thalassemia
Answer:
b) Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Rationale:
Elevated MCV indicates macrocytic anemia, which is often
due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, and
glossitis are common symptoms associated with vitamin
B12 deficiency.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, _________
directly causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood
pressure.
Answer:
Angiotensin II
Rationale:
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
©2024/2025
, blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels.
---
3. True/False
True or False: In congestive heart failure, the left-sided
failure is primarily characterized by peripheral edema.
Answer:
False
Rationale:
Left-sided heart failure is primarily characterized by
pulmonary congestion (e.g., pulmonary edema, shortness
of breath), whereas right-sided heart failure often leads to
peripheral edema.
---
4. Multiple Response
Select all that apply. Which of the following are considered
risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
a) Advanced age
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Obesity
d) Sedentary lifestyle
Answer:
a) Advanced age
c) Obesity
d) Sedentary lifestyle
Rationale:
©2024/2025
