CMY 127 Theme 2 Actual Exam Questions And Correct Answers.

Arrhenius acid rule - correct answer a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolves in aqueous solution Arrhenius acid example - correct answer HCl. H3O+ Arrhenius base rule - correct answer a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when it dissolves in aqueous solution Arrhenius base example - correct answer NaOH OH- Bronsted-Lowry acid rule - correct answer An acid is a proton donor Bronsted-Lowry base rule - correct answer A base is a proton acceptor Lewis acid rule - correct answer An acid is an electron acceptor Lewis base rule - correct answer A base is a n electron donor Bronsted-Lowry different types of acids - correct answer -Neutral compound -Cations -Anions -Hydrated metals Bronsted-Lowry different types of bases - correct answer -Neutral compound -Anions -Hydrated metals Bronsted-Lowry acid as compound equation - correct answer HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) -- NO3-(aq) + H3O+(aq) Bronsted-Lowry acid as cation equation - correct answer HH4+(aq) + H2O(l) -- NH3(aq) + H3O(aq) Bronsted-Lowry acid as anion equation - correct answer H2PO-(aq) + H2O(l) -- HPO-2(aq) + H3O+(aq) Bronsted-Lowry acid as hydrated metals equation - correct answer [Fe(H2O)6]+3(aq) + H2O(l) -- [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]+2(aq) + H3O+(aq) Bronsted-Lowry base as compound equation - correct answer NH3(aq) H2O(l) -- NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) Bronsted-Lowry base as anions equation - correct answer CO3-2(aq) + H2O(l) -- HCO3-(aq) + OH- Bronsted-Lowry base as hydrated metals equation - correct answer [Al(H2O)5]+2(aq) + H2O(l) -- [Al(H2O)6(OH)]+3(aq) + OH-(aq) Types of acids - correct answer monoprotic and polyprotic Monoprotic acid - correct answer an acid that can donate only one proton (H+ ion) per molecule - HCl - HF - HClO3 polyprotic acid - correct answer an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule - H2SO4 - H2CO3 - H3PO4 Amphiprotic - correct answer A species that can either accept or donate a proton. water Ampholytes - correct answer molecules that contain groups with both acidic and basic and they can undergo amphoteric reactions What type of acid is an amphiprotic - correct answer polyprotic acid conjugate acid-base pair - correct answer consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion Auto-ionisation - correct answer process in which a compound can ionize itself Kw - correct answer 1.0 x 10^-14 @25 'C , equilibrium Kw is called the - correct answer auto- ionization constant/ ion-product constant on what is Kw dependent - correct answer temperature pH scale - correct answer scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; ~pH 7 is acidic, ~pH=7 is neutral, ~pH 7 is basic pH formula - correct answer pH=-log[H+] or pH=-log[H3O+] pOH formula - correct answer pOH=-log[OH-] lower pH - correct answer 1. Stronger the acid 2. Weaker the base Stronger pH - correct answer 1. Weaker the acid 2. Stronger the base Lower pOH - correct answer Stronger base Higher pOH - correct answer Weaker base Strong acids and bases - correct answer dissociate completely in water the higher the [H3O+] - correct answer the stronger the acid the higher the [OH-] - correct answer the stronger the base strong acids - correct answer HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4 weak acids - correct answer H3PO4, H2SO3, H2CO2, HF, HNO2, CH3CO2H, NH4 strong base - correct answer LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 weak base - correct answer NH3 Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Ka - correct answer acid dissociation constant Kb - correct answer base dissociation constant Ka1 - correct answer stron