PHARMACOLOGY 5334 QUIZ 1 STUDY GUIDE
PCN drug-drug interactions - Answers--aminoglycosides
-bacteriostatic antibiotics
-probenecid
Treatment for ONYCHOMYCOSIS - Answers-Terbinafine (Lamisil) 1 tab daily x 3-6
months po
Best treatment for chlamydia - Answers-Aziythromycin 1gm 1x dose
or
Doxycycline 100 mg po twice a day for 7 days
Patient with vaginal candidiasis, what is the treatment? - Answers-Fluconazole 150mg po
once
Penicillinase-resistant PCN - Answers-Oxacillin, Nafacillin, Dicloxacillin
Bugs they fight: Staph
Broad spectrum PCN - Answers-Ampicillin- ampiciliin/sulbactam (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin- amoxicillin/ER (Moxatog), Amoxicillin/Clavulanate(Augmentin)
Bugs they fight: Good against GRAM (-)H. influenza, e-coli, proteus mirabilis, enterococci,
salmonella and shigella
Extended Spectrum PCNs - Answers-Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
Bugs they fight: same as broad spectrum + pseudomonas, klebsiella, bacterial fragilis
Beta-lactamase inhibitors - Answers-clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
**Can not be given on their own, only in combo with PCN's i.e.> Augmentin, Unasyn,
Zoysn
Cephalosporin Generation 1 - Answers--cephalexin
-cephazolin
-cephadoxil
**Cephlasporinase will destroy**
Not the drug of choice for active infections- good for prophylaxis prior to sx
Cephlasporin (2nd generation) - Answers-Cefuroxime-most common
Bugs they fight: h.influenza (pneumonia), otitis sinusitis, res. tract infection
Cephlasporin (3rd generation) - Answers-Cefotaxime, Cefdinir, Cefixime, Cefodoxime,
Ceftaazidime, Ceftibuten, Ceftriaxone
**Can penetrate CSF fluid**
,Bugs they fight: Great against GRAM (-) bacteria causing meningitis, h.influenza,
klebsiella, proteus, salmonella
Cephlasporin (4th generation) - Answers-Cefepime-hospital associated pneumonia's &
Ceftolozone/tozobactam (Zerbaxa)- complicated UTI's and intraabdominal infections
Cephlasporin (5th generation) - Answers-Ceftaroline (Teflaro)-MRSA
Cephalosporin and PCN - Answers-Cross allergy w/PCN
Carbapenems - Answers-Only 4: Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertrapenem, Doripenem
EXTREMELY broad spectrum, **only given IV**
not active against MRSA
Iminpenem-cilastatin - Answers-Most effective antibiotic against anaerobic bacteria
Highly effective against Gram (+/) cocci & bacilli
Treatment for uncomplicated cervical gonorrhea - Answers-Ceftriaxone, 250 mg IM once,
plus azithromycin, 1 g PO once
Patient with tinea capitis, what is the TX? - Answers-Very difficult to treat topically
Griseofulium po 6-8 weeks
or
Terbinafine (Lamisil) po 2-4 weeks
Narrow Spectrum PCN - Answers-PCN G (procaine), PCN G (benzathine), PCN V
Bugs they fight: GRAM(+) cocci- 1st drug of choice against Strep (pneumonia,
pharyngitis, endocarditis) , Clostridium (tetanus, anthrax, gas gangrene)Neisseria,
spirochete (syphilis)
Lauren comes into the clinic and is diagnosed with Trichomoniasis. The NP can prescribe:
- Answers-Metronidazole, 2 g PO once or
Tinidazole, 2 g PO once
Meropenem - Answers-Bacterial meningitis-3m and up
Intraabdominal infections across ages
complicated skin infections
Ertrapenem (Invanz) - Answers-Pelvic infections
Community acquired pneumonia
Complicated UTIs
Abdomen/skin infections
Vancomycin treats - Answers-gram positive- staph aureus/epiderm, c.diff
Vancomycin AE - Answers-ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome
, Vancomycin main danger - Answers-Hosp/vent. pneumonia in pt w/ Crcl less than 50 as
it increases mortality
Monobactams treats - Answers-gram negative aerobic
Fosfomycin treats - Answers-Uncomplicated enterococcus and Ecoli UTI's in women
**single dose therapy**
Aminoglycosides - Answers-gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin
Aminoglycosides treat - Answers-gram negative bacilli
Pseudomonas, eccoli, Klebsiella, serrata, p.mirabilis.
**Not effective against anaerobic microbes**
Aminoglycosides (BBW) - Answers-ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
neuromuscular transmission causing flaccidity and life threatening paralysis **reversed
with IV calcium**
aminoglycosides peak and trough - Answers-Peak: 30 min after IV or IM (should be high)
Trough: divided- before next dose, daily-1 hr before next dose (value should be low: like
zero)
Sulfonamides MOA - Answers-inhibit folic acid synthesis
Broad spectrum
Bugs they fight: MRSA, listeria, chlamydia, toxoplasmose species
Sulfonamides adverse effects - Answers-Hemolytic anemia- for people with G6PD 9most
common in blacks and mediterrianean people
Kernicterus-in newborns **do not give for pt's under 2 months or pregnant females after
32 weeks.
UTI drugs - Answers-1) TMP/SMZ and nitrofurantoin * drugs of choice*
TMP/SMZ becoming increasingly resistant to e-coli
2) levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin
Recurrent UTI other tx - Answers-SMZ 3 x week for 6 months; TMP or nitro at bedtime
for 6 mos.
UTI in pregnancy - Answers-augmentin, cephalexin
Recurrent UTI prophylaxis - Answers-TMP
Pyelonephritis tx - Answers-Do not treat with Nitro
Levaquin 750mg x 5 day
TMP/SMZ BID x 14 days
PCN drug-drug interactions - Answers--aminoglycosides
-bacteriostatic antibiotics
-probenecid
Treatment for ONYCHOMYCOSIS - Answers-Terbinafine (Lamisil) 1 tab daily x 3-6
months po
Best treatment for chlamydia - Answers-Aziythromycin 1gm 1x dose
or
Doxycycline 100 mg po twice a day for 7 days
Patient with vaginal candidiasis, what is the treatment? - Answers-Fluconazole 150mg po
once
Penicillinase-resistant PCN - Answers-Oxacillin, Nafacillin, Dicloxacillin
Bugs they fight: Staph
Broad spectrum PCN - Answers-Ampicillin- ampiciliin/sulbactam (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin- amoxicillin/ER (Moxatog), Amoxicillin/Clavulanate(Augmentin)
Bugs they fight: Good against GRAM (-)H. influenza, e-coli, proteus mirabilis, enterococci,
salmonella and shigella
Extended Spectrum PCNs - Answers-Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
Bugs they fight: same as broad spectrum + pseudomonas, klebsiella, bacterial fragilis
Beta-lactamase inhibitors - Answers-clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
**Can not be given on their own, only in combo with PCN's i.e.> Augmentin, Unasyn,
Zoysn
Cephalosporin Generation 1 - Answers--cephalexin
-cephazolin
-cephadoxil
**Cephlasporinase will destroy**
Not the drug of choice for active infections- good for prophylaxis prior to sx
Cephlasporin (2nd generation) - Answers-Cefuroxime-most common
Bugs they fight: h.influenza (pneumonia), otitis sinusitis, res. tract infection
Cephlasporin (3rd generation) - Answers-Cefotaxime, Cefdinir, Cefixime, Cefodoxime,
Ceftaazidime, Ceftibuten, Ceftriaxone
**Can penetrate CSF fluid**
,Bugs they fight: Great against GRAM (-) bacteria causing meningitis, h.influenza,
klebsiella, proteus, salmonella
Cephlasporin (4th generation) - Answers-Cefepime-hospital associated pneumonia's &
Ceftolozone/tozobactam (Zerbaxa)- complicated UTI's and intraabdominal infections
Cephlasporin (5th generation) - Answers-Ceftaroline (Teflaro)-MRSA
Cephalosporin and PCN - Answers-Cross allergy w/PCN
Carbapenems - Answers-Only 4: Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertrapenem, Doripenem
EXTREMELY broad spectrum, **only given IV**
not active against MRSA
Iminpenem-cilastatin - Answers-Most effective antibiotic against anaerobic bacteria
Highly effective against Gram (+/) cocci & bacilli
Treatment for uncomplicated cervical gonorrhea - Answers-Ceftriaxone, 250 mg IM once,
plus azithromycin, 1 g PO once
Patient with tinea capitis, what is the TX? - Answers-Very difficult to treat topically
Griseofulium po 6-8 weeks
or
Terbinafine (Lamisil) po 2-4 weeks
Narrow Spectrum PCN - Answers-PCN G (procaine), PCN G (benzathine), PCN V
Bugs they fight: GRAM(+) cocci- 1st drug of choice against Strep (pneumonia,
pharyngitis, endocarditis) , Clostridium (tetanus, anthrax, gas gangrene)Neisseria,
spirochete (syphilis)
Lauren comes into the clinic and is diagnosed with Trichomoniasis. The NP can prescribe:
- Answers-Metronidazole, 2 g PO once or
Tinidazole, 2 g PO once
Meropenem - Answers-Bacterial meningitis-3m and up
Intraabdominal infections across ages
complicated skin infections
Ertrapenem (Invanz) - Answers-Pelvic infections
Community acquired pneumonia
Complicated UTIs
Abdomen/skin infections
Vancomycin treats - Answers-gram positive- staph aureus/epiderm, c.diff
Vancomycin AE - Answers-ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome
, Vancomycin main danger - Answers-Hosp/vent. pneumonia in pt w/ Crcl less than 50 as
it increases mortality
Monobactams treats - Answers-gram negative aerobic
Fosfomycin treats - Answers-Uncomplicated enterococcus and Ecoli UTI's in women
**single dose therapy**
Aminoglycosides - Answers-gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin
Aminoglycosides treat - Answers-gram negative bacilli
Pseudomonas, eccoli, Klebsiella, serrata, p.mirabilis.
**Not effective against anaerobic microbes**
Aminoglycosides (BBW) - Answers-ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
neuromuscular transmission causing flaccidity and life threatening paralysis **reversed
with IV calcium**
aminoglycosides peak and trough - Answers-Peak: 30 min after IV or IM (should be high)
Trough: divided- before next dose, daily-1 hr before next dose (value should be low: like
zero)
Sulfonamides MOA - Answers-inhibit folic acid synthesis
Broad spectrum
Bugs they fight: MRSA, listeria, chlamydia, toxoplasmose species
Sulfonamides adverse effects - Answers-Hemolytic anemia- for people with G6PD 9most
common in blacks and mediterrianean people
Kernicterus-in newborns **do not give for pt's under 2 months or pregnant females after
32 weeks.
UTI drugs - Answers-1) TMP/SMZ and nitrofurantoin * drugs of choice*
TMP/SMZ becoming increasingly resistant to e-coli
2) levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin
Recurrent UTI other tx - Answers-SMZ 3 x week for 6 months; TMP or nitro at bedtime
for 6 mos.
UTI in pregnancy - Answers-augmentin, cephalexin
Recurrent UTI prophylaxis - Answers-TMP
Pyelonephritis tx - Answers-Do not treat with Nitro
Levaquin 750mg x 5 day
TMP/SMZ BID x 14 days
