CBNS Exam Study Questions And Verified
Detailed Answers 2024-2025
Parietal Cells - ANSWER Secrete Intrinsic Factor and HCL
Intrinsic Factor - ANSWER Is a small protein that assists with the absorption of B12
Mucosal Cells - ANSWER Secrete mucus containing glycoproteins and bicarbonate
Gastric Acid - ANSWER Assists with the destruction of microorganisms
Activates the conversion of Pepsinogen to Pepsin - ANSWER Gastric Acid
Activates Intrinisic Factor - ANSWER Gastric Acid
Gastrin - ANSWER acts upon parietal & chief cells to stimulate HCL and pepsinogen
Small Intestines - ANSWER Contains the brush border on the luminal surface
Major anatomical site of food digestion & nutrient absorption - ANSWER Small Intestines
Microvilli - ANSWER Folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the
cell to increase absorption or secretion
Enterocytes - ANSWER cells lining the Small Intestine. What lines villi. These are the
cells that handle foods and further digestion and absorption take place. Each
,enterocytes has microvilli -
Proximal upper portion of small intestines - ANSWER Chemical degradation of partially
digested food-absorption starts
Jejunum - ANSWER major site of nutrient absorption
Ileum - ANSWER absorption of b12 and bile salts; site of remaining protein and
carbohydrate absorption; secretes gastrin, secretin and CCK
Salivary and pancreatic amylase - ANSWER breaks down polysaccharides starch and
glycogen to disaccharide maltose
Disaccharidases - ANSWER enterocyte brush border contains sucrase-isomaltase,
lactase, maltase-glucoamylase; hydrolyze maltose and related disaccharides
Glutamine - ANSWER Source of energy for enterocytes
Precursor for Glutathione Synthesis - ANSWER Glutamine
Passive [Simple] Diffusion - ANSWER potential energy of nutrient concentration moves
from higher to lower concentration
Facilitated [Carrier Mediated Transport] Diffusion - ANSWER potential energy of nutrient
concentration moves from higher to lower concentration but is attached to a lipid
soluble carrier protein to help pass through the membrane
Carbohydrates are transported through the membrane via: - ANSWER facilitated
diffusion
, Active Transport - ANSWER Nutrient moves through mucosal membranes against the
concentration gradient with a carrier protein and energy provided by ATP
Bile - ANSWER Stored in the gallbadder
Emulsifies fine lipid droplets - ANSWER Bile Salts
Emulsification - ANSWER Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller
globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
Pancreatic Zymogens - ANSWER Trypsinogen, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen,
procolipase, procaboxypeptidase A&B
Enterokinase is secreted in the: - ANSWER duodenum
What enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin - ANSWER Enterokinase
What peptide hormone stimulates the secretion of pancreatic zymogens - ANSWER
Cholecystokinin
Enterocyte Survival is - ANSWER ~72 hours
Fortification - ANSWER The process of adding a nutrient to manufactured foods as a
public health
measure is called:
Vitamin stores can become depleted since all vitamins are: - ANSWER essential
nutrients
Detailed Answers 2024-2025
Parietal Cells - ANSWER Secrete Intrinsic Factor and HCL
Intrinsic Factor - ANSWER Is a small protein that assists with the absorption of B12
Mucosal Cells - ANSWER Secrete mucus containing glycoproteins and bicarbonate
Gastric Acid - ANSWER Assists with the destruction of microorganisms
Activates the conversion of Pepsinogen to Pepsin - ANSWER Gastric Acid
Activates Intrinisic Factor - ANSWER Gastric Acid
Gastrin - ANSWER acts upon parietal & chief cells to stimulate HCL and pepsinogen
Small Intestines - ANSWER Contains the brush border on the luminal surface
Major anatomical site of food digestion & nutrient absorption - ANSWER Small Intestines
Microvilli - ANSWER Folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the
cell to increase absorption or secretion
Enterocytes - ANSWER cells lining the Small Intestine. What lines villi. These are the
cells that handle foods and further digestion and absorption take place. Each
,enterocytes has microvilli -
Proximal upper portion of small intestines - ANSWER Chemical degradation of partially
digested food-absorption starts
Jejunum - ANSWER major site of nutrient absorption
Ileum - ANSWER absorption of b12 and bile salts; site of remaining protein and
carbohydrate absorption; secretes gastrin, secretin and CCK
Salivary and pancreatic amylase - ANSWER breaks down polysaccharides starch and
glycogen to disaccharide maltose
Disaccharidases - ANSWER enterocyte brush border contains sucrase-isomaltase,
lactase, maltase-glucoamylase; hydrolyze maltose and related disaccharides
Glutamine - ANSWER Source of energy for enterocytes
Precursor for Glutathione Synthesis - ANSWER Glutamine
Passive [Simple] Diffusion - ANSWER potential energy of nutrient concentration moves
from higher to lower concentration
Facilitated [Carrier Mediated Transport] Diffusion - ANSWER potential energy of nutrient
concentration moves from higher to lower concentration but is attached to a lipid
soluble carrier protein to help pass through the membrane
Carbohydrates are transported through the membrane via: - ANSWER facilitated
diffusion
, Active Transport - ANSWER Nutrient moves through mucosal membranes against the
concentration gradient with a carrier protein and energy provided by ATP
Bile - ANSWER Stored in the gallbadder
Emulsifies fine lipid droplets - ANSWER Bile Salts
Emulsification - ANSWER Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller
globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
Pancreatic Zymogens - ANSWER Trypsinogen, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen,
procolipase, procaboxypeptidase A&B
Enterokinase is secreted in the: - ANSWER duodenum
What enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin - ANSWER Enterokinase
What peptide hormone stimulates the secretion of pancreatic zymogens - ANSWER
Cholecystokinin
Enterocyte Survival is - ANSWER ~72 hours
Fortification - ANSWER The process of adding a nutrient to manufactured foods as a
public health
measure is called:
Vitamin stores can become depleted since all vitamins are: - ANSWER essential
nutrients
