Running head : Psych review
Lecture 13
How does motivation and emotion relate to one another?
-Positive
emotions lead to creation of more goals by increasing your creativity and
inventiveness.
-Negative
emotions make us more realistic and avoid unattainable goals.
What is motivation?
- Intrinsic : performs its action for its own (internal reward)
- Extrinsic : performs an action to earn an (external) reward or avoid a punishment.
Goal Pursuit Cycle (2 Stages)
-Deliberative Stage: where one decides on a goal to pursue
-Implement Stage: one plans and implements specific actions to progress toward the goal.
Criteria for Goal Pursuit
Goal= Opportunity congruence.
Motivational properties become adaptive when they match up with opportunities for goal
attainment.
High Opportunity~ Engagement
Low Opportunity~ Disengagement.
Universality of Emotions
Paul Ekman’s Basic Method
- Had Tribesman and US college students pair stories with corresponding emotions.
- Found Universal Emotions ( Happiness, Sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise)
Link between emotions and Facial muscles
Facial Feedback Theory
- Feedback from face muscles can cause emotions.
Ex. Botox: causes diminished facial feedback----> decreased facial activity
Microexpressions: involuntary and express a person's true emotions.
Theories of emotion
● Sight of car incoming (Perception of stimulus)
James Langes theory
● Pounding Heart Arousal ----> fear Emotion
Cannon Card Theory
● Pounding Heart Arousal OR Fear of Emotion
Schacher Singer Theory
, Psych review
● Pounding Heart Arousal OR Cognitive Label “ Im Scared” ----> Fear emotion
Misattribution of Arousal
Schacher Singer
Gave participants a shot of epinephrine but told them it was the test drug “Suproxin”
- Half were told that they would have experiences of the shot epinephrine (increases
breathing and heartrate.)
- Other half were told that they would have experiences inconsistent with the shot
epinephrine ( numbness, itching, headache)
- They were left in a room with an actor that seemed euphoric and angry.
- Then asked emotions of those in the same room as the actor, and more reported that
they were experienced the same thing that the actor did. (Euphoric + Angry).
- They were unsure of what they were supposed to feel so they turned to the actor when
they were asked to explain.
Dutton Aron (1974)
- Attractive researcher approached men on either shaky and stable bridge
- Then they were asked to complete Thematic Apperception test where they were to write
a story about a picture.
- At the end, she said she was staying at a nearby hotel, and gave her number to them.
- Guys from the shaky bridge had much more sexual stories and more called her
- Misattributed physiological arousal ( fear from standing on shaky bridge) as attraction.
Ledoux’s model of emotion
-Faster and slower pathway of response
Faster: can have emotional reaction before one can fully process information.
Slower: Fully processes info before having reaction
Lecture 14
How do we define creativity? Originality, Surprise, Usefulness
Creative cognition: Networks used to support creative processes
- Executive control network : Control over thought contentm working memory; inhibition;
task switching.
- Default mode network: imaginative spontaneous thought; future thinking perspective
taking and mind wandering.
- Cooperation of these two networks ---> increasing attention and control over self
generated thought---> creative output.
Lecture 13
How does motivation and emotion relate to one another?
-Positive
emotions lead to creation of more goals by increasing your creativity and
inventiveness.
-Negative
emotions make us more realistic and avoid unattainable goals.
What is motivation?
- Intrinsic : performs its action for its own (internal reward)
- Extrinsic : performs an action to earn an (external) reward or avoid a punishment.
Goal Pursuit Cycle (2 Stages)
-Deliberative Stage: where one decides on a goal to pursue
-Implement Stage: one plans and implements specific actions to progress toward the goal.
Criteria for Goal Pursuit
Goal= Opportunity congruence.
Motivational properties become adaptive when they match up with opportunities for goal
attainment.
High Opportunity~ Engagement
Low Opportunity~ Disengagement.
Universality of Emotions
Paul Ekman’s Basic Method
- Had Tribesman and US college students pair stories with corresponding emotions.
- Found Universal Emotions ( Happiness, Sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise)
Link between emotions and Facial muscles
Facial Feedback Theory
- Feedback from face muscles can cause emotions.
Ex. Botox: causes diminished facial feedback----> decreased facial activity
Microexpressions: involuntary and express a person's true emotions.
Theories of emotion
● Sight of car incoming (Perception of stimulus)
James Langes theory
● Pounding Heart Arousal ----> fear Emotion
Cannon Card Theory
● Pounding Heart Arousal OR Fear of Emotion
Schacher Singer Theory
, Psych review
● Pounding Heart Arousal OR Cognitive Label “ Im Scared” ----> Fear emotion
Misattribution of Arousal
Schacher Singer
Gave participants a shot of epinephrine but told them it was the test drug “Suproxin”
- Half were told that they would have experiences of the shot epinephrine (increases
breathing and heartrate.)
- Other half were told that they would have experiences inconsistent with the shot
epinephrine ( numbness, itching, headache)
- They were left in a room with an actor that seemed euphoric and angry.
- Then asked emotions of those in the same room as the actor, and more reported that
they were experienced the same thing that the actor did. (Euphoric + Angry).
- They were unsure of what they were supposed to feel so they turned to the actor when
they were asked to explain.
Dutton Aron (1974)
- Attractive researcher approached men on either shaky and stable bridge
- Then they were asked to complete Thematic Apperception test where they were to write
a story about a picture.
- At the end, she said she was staying at a nearby hotel, and gave her number to them.
- Guys from the shaky bridge had much more sexual stories and more called her
- Misattributed physiological arousal ( fear from standing on shaky bridge) as attraction.
Ledoux’s model of emotion
-Faster and slower pathway of response
Faster: can have emotional reaction before one can fully process information.
Slower: Fully processes info before having reaction
Lecture 14
How do we define creativity? Originality, Surprise, Usefulness
Creative cognition: Networks used to support creative processes
- Executive control network : Control over thought contentm working memory; inhibition;
task switching.
- Default mode network: imaginative spontaneous thought; future thinking perspective
taking and mind wandering.
- Cooperation of these two networks ---> increasing attention and control over self
generated thought---> creative output.
