to accompany
x
CommunicationSystem x
s
An Introduction to Signals and Noise inEle
x x x x x x x
ctrical Communication
x
Fourth Edition x
A. Bruce Carlson
x x
RensselaerxPolytechnicxInstitute
Paul B. Crilly x x
UniversityxofxTennessee
Janet C. Rutledge x x
UniversityxofxMarylandxatxBaltimore
,SolutionsxManualxtoxaccompany
COMMUNICATIONxSYSTEMS:xANxINTRODUCTIONxTOxSIGNALSxANDxNOISExINxELECTRICALxCOMMUNICATION,xFOU
RTHxEDITION
A.xBRUCExCARLSON,xPAULxB.xCRILLY,xANDxJANETxC.xRUTLEDGE
PublishedxbyxMcGraw-HillxHigherxEducation,xanximprintxofxThexMcGraw-
HillxCompanies,xInc.,x1221xAvenuexofxthexAmericas,xNewxYork,xNYx10020.xCopyrightx©xThexMcGraw-
HillxCompanies,xInc.,x2002,x1986,x1975,x1968.x Allxrightsxreserved.
Thexcontents,xorxpartsxthereof,xmayxbexreproducedxinxprintxformxsolelyxforxclassroomxusexwithxCOMMUNICATIONxSYSTEMS:xANx
INTRODUCTIONxTOxSIGNALSxANDxNOISExINxELExCTRICALxCOMMUNICATION,xprovidedxsuchxreproductionsxbearxcopyrightx
notice,xbutxmayxnotxbexreproducedxinxanyxotherxformxorxforxanyxotherxpurposexwithoutxthexpriorxwrittenxconsentxofxThexMcGraw-
HillxCompanies,xInc.,xincluding,xbutxnotxlimitedxto,xinxanyxnetworkxorxotherxelectronicxstoragexorxtransmission,xorxbroadcastxforxdistan
cexlearning.
www.mhhe.com
,Chapterx2
2.1-1
Ae jf Aexjf nxm
cnx
ejf x dtx Aex sinc(mxxn)x
T0x/2x
j2p x (xmn x)fx tx 0
T0
xT0x /2
0 otherwise
x
2.1-2
2 x 0
c0x v(t) T0x/x4x 2pxnt T0x /2 x 2pxntx 2A x pxn
cx x Acosx dtx (xA)cosx dtx sinx
Txx
n 0 T
Txx / 4
T pxn 2
x
0
0 0 0
n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
cn 0 2xAx/xp 0 2xAx/x3p 0 2xAx/x5p 0 2xAx/x7p
argxcn 0 180 0 180
2.1-3
c0x x v(t)x A x/2 x
2
cx x T x/2x 2xAtx 2pxnt A A
0
n Ax cos dtx sinpxnxx 2x (cospxnx1)
T0 0 T0
T0 pxnx (pxn)
n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
cn 0.5A 0.2A 0 0.02A 0 0.01A 0
argxcn 0 0 0 0
2.1-4
2 T0x/2 x 2pxtx
cxx x Acosx 0 (cont.)
0
Txx 0 T
0 0
2-1
, 2x xxx Tx /2 2xAxsinxpx pxn 2tx/xT
2pt 2pxnt sinxp pxnx2tx/xT T x/ 2x
0
x 0x
0
cnx Acos cos dt 0x
T0x x x T0 T0 T0x 4(px pxn)x/xT0 4(p xpxn) /xT0 0
0
xAx
sinc(1xxn)xxsinc(1xxn) Ax/x2 nx1
x
2 0 otherwise
2.1-5
c0x x v(t)
2 x 0T0x /2 x 2pxnt Ax
cx xjx Asinx dtx xjx (1xcospxn)
Txx
n
0 T pxn
0 0
n 1 2 3 4 5
cn 2xAx/xp 0 2xAx/x3p 2xAx/x5p
argxcn 90 90 90
2.1-6
c0x x v(t)x 0
2xAxsinxpx pxn 2tx/xT0xx sinx pxn x2tx/xTxx
x2 T0xx/ 2x
cx xj T x / 2x 2p tx 2pxntx
dtx xjx x
0
p Asinx sinx 0
xx
n
T0xx 0
T T T 4(px pxn)/ xT 4(p pxn)/ xT
0 0
0 0 0
0xx
xAx m jA / 2 nx1
xjx sinc(1nx)xxsinc(1xn)
x x x
2 0 otherwise
2.1-71
cx x xxT0x /2 jnw0xt
T0
jnwx0t
n
T0xx 0 v(t)xe dtxxx
Txx
v(t)e dtx
T0x/2 x
v(t)e xjnw0xtxdt
v(l T0 /2)xe e
0xxxxxx xjnwx lx x jnwx T x/2x
where 0
dl
0 0
T 0
x
Txx /x
0
T0x /2x
ex jnpxxxxx v(tx)exjnw0xtxdt
2
0
2-2