RXRS 201 Midterm #1 Study Set Exam
Week 1: Introduction - Answer
Addiction - Answer - A complex disease.
- The compulsive using of drugs in spite of terrible consequences.
Addiction Cycle - Answer - Emotional Trigger, Craving, Ritual, Substance Abuse &
Addictive Behaviors, Guilt.
Psychological Dependence - Answer - The mental inability to stop using the drugs or
drugs.
Physical Dependence - Answer - The body's need to constantly have the drug or drugs.
Drug Tolerance - Answer - Reduced reaction to a drug following repeated use.
- Increased dose of drug may re-amplify the drug's effects.
Why are people addicted to drugs? - Answer - Therapeutic
- Spiritual
- Social
- Relaxation
- Pleasure
- Stress
- Avoidance
4 Factors that Influence Drugs - Answer - Biological
- Cultural
- Social
- Contextual
Who is at risk of using drugs? - Answer Sensation-Seekers:
- Those who continually search for new thrills involving dangerous behavior.
- More likely to maintain a constant preoccupation with altering their consciousness
(getting high).
Types of Commonly Abused Drugs - Answer - Alcohol
,- Nicotine
- Prescription Drugs
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens / Psychedelics
- Bath Salts
- Depressants
- Cannabis
- Anabolic Steroids
- Inhalants
- Narcotics / Opiates
Commonly Abused Drugs and Withdrawal Symptoms - Answer - Cannabis (Irritability,
Trouble sleeping, Decreased appetite, Anxiety)
- Prescription Opioids (Restlessness Muscle, bone pain, Insomnia, Diarrhea, Vomiting,
Cold flashes, Leg movements)
- Prescription Sedatives & Tranquilizers (Seizures, Shakiness, Anxiety, Agitation,
Insomnia, Severe cravings, Overactive reflexes, Increased heart rate, Increased blood
pressure, Increased Temperature, Sweating, Hallucinations)
- Prescription Stimulants (Depression, Tiredness, Sleep problems, Steroids, Mood
swings, Tiredness, Restlessness, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Lowered sex drive,
Depression)
- Tobacco (Irritability, Attention problems, Sleep problems, Increased appetite)
- Sugar (Lightheadedness, Severe cravings, Headaches Tiredness, Anxiety, Depression,
Moodiness, Irritability)
Week 2: Paleolithic and Neolithic - Answer
Analgesic - Answer - Relieving pain.
Anodyne - Answer - Relieving pain.
Antibacterial - Answer - Killing or preventing growth of bacteria.
Anthelminthic - Answer - Killing and expelling intestinal worms.
Antimicrobial - Answer - Killing microbes and bacteria.
Antipyretic - Answer - Reducing fever.
, Antitussive - Answer - Relieving cough.
Astringent - Answer - Causing contraction of tissues, prevents bleeding/secretion.
Caminative - Answer - Facilitating education of gas from stomach (e.g. burp or fart).
Cathartic - Answer - Powerful purgative.
Demulcent - Answer - Soothing and relieving irritation.
Diuretic - Answer - Increasing the amount of urine.
Expectorant - Answer - Increasing fluid in bronchial secretions, aids the expulsion.
Hypotensive - Answer - Reducing blood pressure.
Psychoactive Substances - Answer - Influences thought or emotion through biochemical
action upon the central nervous system.
- Referred to as "drugs" if exogenously consumed.
- Ancient users saw them as desirable, good tasting, good feeling foods (not drugs).
- Shaped civilization as it was used to conquer lands (used to entice people into labor
arrangements and as reward for labor and cultivation outputs)
- Widely used in many cultures and as trade goods.
- West and East Asian (Alcohol and Cannabis), South American (Alcohol, Coca,
Tobacco, and Cacao), European (Opium), African (Kola).
- Benefits included: Feeling part of a social group, Enjoyment, Creativity, Relief of pain
and anxiety, Relaxation, Control of waking and sleep cycles, Improved memory and
concentration).
- E.g. tobacco, rhatt, betel nut.
Perception-Altering - Answer - Stimulates central nervous system
- Substances cause departure from ordinary reality (distortions in perception,
alterations in thought, variations in mood).
- Creates a dreamlike state.
- Shaman / guide to the spirit world required.
Mood-Altering - Answer - Stimulate brain rewards pathways.
- Highly prized substances due to effects (amicability, reduction of stress, feelings of
liberation).
- Shaman / guide to the spirit world not required.
Week 1: Introduction - Answer
Addiction - Answer - A complex disease.
- The compulsive using of drugs in spite of terrible consequences.
Addiction Cycle - Answer - Emotional Trigger, Craving, Ritual, Substance Abuse &
Addictive Behaviors, Guilt.
Psychological Dependence - Answer - The mental inability to stop using the drugs or
drugs.
Physical Dependence - Answer - The body's need to constantly have the drug or drugs.
Drug Tolerance - Answer - Reduced reaction to a drug following repeated use.
- Increased dose of drug may re-amplify the drug's effects.
Why are people addicted to drugs? - Answer - Therapeutic
- Spiritual
- Social
- Relaxation
- Pleasure
- Stress
- Avoidance
4 Factors that Influence Drugs - Answer - Biological
- Cultural
- Social
- Contextual
Who is at risk of using drugs? - Answer Sensation-Seekers:
- Those who continually search for new thrills involving dangerous behavior.
- More likely to maintain a constant preoccupation with altering their consciousness
(getting high).
Types of Commonly Abused Drugs - Answer - Alcohol
,- Nicotine
- Prescription Drugs
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens / Psychedelics
- Bath Salts
- Depressants
- Cannabis
- Anabolic Steroids
- Inhalants
- Narcotics / Opiates
Commonly Abused Drugs and Withdrawal Symptoms - Answer - Cannabis (Irritability,
Trouble sleeping, Decreased appetite, Anxiety)
- Prescription Opioids (Restlessness Muscle, bone pain, Insomnia, Diarrhea, Vomiting,
Cold flashes, Leg movements)
- Prescription Sedatives & Tranquilizers (Seizures, Shakiness, Anxiety, Agitation,
Insomnia, Severe cravings, Overactive reflexes, Increased heart rate, Increased blood
pressure, Increased Temperature, Sweating, Hallucinations)
- Prescription Stimulants (Depression, Tiredness, Sleep problems, Steroids, Mood
swings, Tiredness, Restlessness, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Lowered sex drive,
Depression)
- Tobacco (Irritability, Attention problems, Sleep problems, Increased appetite)
- Sugar (Lightheadedness, Severe cravings, Headaches Tiredness, Anxiety, Depression,
Moodiness, Irritability)
Week 2: Paleolithic and Neolithic - Answer
Analgesic - Answer - Relieving pain.
Anodyne - Answer - Relieving pain.
Antibacterial - Answer - Killing or preventing growth of bacteria.
Anthelminthic - Answer - Killing and expelling intestinal worms.
Antimicrobial - Answer - Killing microbes and bacteria.
Antipyretic - Answer - Reducing fever.
, Antitussive - Answer - Relieving cough.
Astringent - Answer - Causing contraction of tissues, prevents bleeding/secretion.
Caminative - Answer - Facilitating education of gas from stomach (e.g. burp or fart).
Cathartic - Answer - Powerful purgative.
Demulcent - Answer - Soothing and relieving irritation.
Diuretic - Answer - Increasing the amount of urine.
Expectorant - Answer - Increasing fluid in bronchial secretions, aids the expulsion.
Hypotensive - Answer - Reducing blood pressure.
Psychoactive Substances - Answer - Influences thought or emotion through biochemical
action upon the central nervous system.
- Referred to as "drugs" if exogenously consumed.
- Ancient users saw them as desirable, good tasting, good feeling foods (not drugs).
- Shaped civilization as it was used to conquer lands (used to entice people into labor
arrangements and as reward for labor and cultivation outputs)
- Widely used in many cultures and as trade goods.
- West and East Asian (Alcohol and Cannabis), South American (Alcohol, Coca,
Tobacco, and Cacao), European (Opium), African (Kola).
- Benefits included: Feeling part of a social group, Enjoyment, Creativity, Relief of pain
and anxiety, Relaxation, Control of waking and sleep cycles, Improved memory and
concentration).
- E.g. tobacco, rhatt, betel nut.
Perception-Altering - Answer - Stimulates central nervous system
- Substances cause departure from ordinary reality (distortions in perception,
alterations in thought, variations in mood).
- Creates a dreamlike state.
- Shaman / guide to the spirit world required.
Mood-Altering - Answer - Stimulate brain rewards pathways.
- Highly prized substances due to effects (amicability, reduction of stress, feelings of
liberation).
- Shaman / guide to the spirit world not required.
