Biology 198 Exam 4 Study Questions and Correct Answers – KSU

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to phenotype Central Dogma of Molecular Biology The three-nucleotide sequence in amino acid Triplet Codon The relationship between a nucleotide and its corresponding amino acid Genetic Codon Terminate protein synthesis and release the polypeptide from the translation machinery Stop Codons Initiate translation Start Codons Begins with trna anticodon recognizes a codon on the mrna. Translation Changes in the DNA sequence of a gene Mutations The specific region on the DNA that codes on the polypeptide Gene The physical location of the gene on the chromosome Locus Alternative forms of the same gene Alleles The set of alleles present in an individual for a given gene Genotype The final end product of the genes and their interaction with their environment Phenotype The division of the contents of the nucleus that divides the chromosomes among gametes Meiosis The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell Ploidy Level A union to two cells from two individuals organisms Fertilization The nonreproductive cells of a multicellular organism Somatic Cell First round of meiotic division and consists of prophase 1, etc. Reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two to one Meiosis 1