NURS 2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY.
What are the causes of type 1 diabetes?
Correct Answer -caused by the inability for one to produce insulin needed
to transport glucose into cells. They are insulin dependent. It is common
in young kids and adolescents. The beta cells in the pancreas are
destroyed or not present. No insulin stimulates overproduction of
glucagon, causing glucose levels to rise.
What are the causes of type 2 diabetes?
Correct Answer -caused by the cells of the pancreas becoming resistant to
insulin, and decrease of receptors on the target cells. They lose the ability
to respond to cells. Results in decreased insulin production.
How can diabetes be diagnosed?
Correct Answer -random sampling of blood glucose over 200 mg, fasting
blood glucose level of 126, or and Hgba1C over 6.5. Normal A1c is 4-5.6,
but those with diabetes they should aim to have it less than 7
What is the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Correct Answer -cold, pale, sweating, sleepy, lack of coordination,
irritability, hunger
Why does hypoglycemia take priority over hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -There is not enough sugar to sustain energy for the cells
here.
,What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -Dry mouth, increased thirst, blurry vision, weakness,
headache, frequent urination
What is normal blood sugar?
Correct Answer -60-120
What are the 3 P's for diabetes?
Correct Answer -polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
Explain polydipsia
Correct Answer -increased thirst
Explain polyphagia
Correct Answer -increased hunger
Explain polyuria
Correct Answer -increased urination
When does Type 1 diabetes present?
Correct Answer -childhood and adolescence
When does Type 2 diabetes present?
Correct Answer -adulthood
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer -occurs when a type 1 diabetes has a very high sugar and
,insulin deficiency that leads to breakdown of fat for energy instead of
glucose
What happens during diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer -The metabolism of fat leads to free fatty acids in the
blood that are transformed into ketones, leading to ketoacidosis and the
body's pH dropping under 7.35. excessive ketones place the body in
metabolic acidosis and in a hyperkalemic state induced by the acidosis.
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA?
Correct Answer -deep and fast kussmal respirations (to compensate to
bring more co2 and acid out of the body) , acetone fruity breath,
confusion, lethargy, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria, dehydration,
nausea and blurred vision, ketones in the urine
What do clients need who have DKA?
Correct Answer -These clients will often need insulin and electrolyte
replacements in order to get the high sugar and high electrolytes and
fluids replenished and replaced
Why does DKA occur?
Correct Answer -The diabetes is not diagnosed with diabetes and has not
taken their insulin, or the type 1 diabetic becomes sick and does not take
their insulin due to not eating or drinking, when they need to be.
What is the role of calcitonin?
Correct Answer -lowers calcium levels in the blood and increases bone
formation and inhibits bone breakdown.
, Where is calcitonin secreted from?
Correct Answer -thyroid
What is nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome?
Correct Answer -severe hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics that is usually
untreated, without ketones
What is significant about the nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
syndrome
Correct Answer -there are no ketones found in urine, type 2 diabetics
affected
What are clinical manifestations of chronic hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -hypertension, cardio vascular disease from damage to
the blood vessels from excessive sugar, retinopathy or blindness from
excessive sugar, neuropathy, nephropathy
What types of disorders are Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
Correct Answer -inflammatory bowel disorders
What is diverticulosis?
Correct Answer -the out pocketing of the walls of the bowel, making it so
that fecal material can become trapped in the intestine
What is diverticulitis?
Correct Answer -inflammation of the diverticulitis due to retained fecal
material
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY.
What are the causes of type 1 diabetes?
Correct Answer -caused by the inability for one to produce insulin needed
to transport glucose into cells. They are insulin dependent. It is common
in young kids and adolescents. The beta cells in the pancreas are
destroyed or not present. No insulin stimulates overproduction of
glucagon, causing glucose levels to rise.
What are the causes of type 2 diabetes?
Correct Answer -caused by the cells of the pancreas becoming resistant to
insulin, and decrease of receptors on the target cells. They lose the ability
to respond to cells. Results in decreased insulin production.
How can diabetes be diagnosed?
Correct Answer -random sampling of blood glucose over 200 mg, fasting
blood glucose level of 126, or and Hgba1C over 6.5. Normal A1c is 4-5.6,
but those with diabetes they should aim to have it less than 7
What is the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Correct Answer -cold, pale, sweating, sleepy, lack of coordination,
irritability, hunger
Why does hypoglycemia take priority over hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -There is not enough sugar to sustain energy for the cells
here.
,What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -Dry mouth, increased thirst, blurry vision, weakness,
headache, frequent urination
What is normal blood sugar?
Correct Answer -60-120
What are the 3 P's for diabetes?
Correct Answer -polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
Explain polydipsia
Correct Answer -increased thirst
Explain polyphagia
Correct Answer -increased hunger
Explain polyuria
Correct Answer -increased urination
When does Type 1 diabetes present?
Correct Answer -childhood and adolescence
When does Type 2 diabetes present?
Correct Answer -adulthood
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer -occurs when a type 1 diabetes has a very high sugar and
,insulin deficiency that leads to breakdown of fat for energy instead of
glucose
What happens during diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer -The metabolism of fat leads to free fatty acids in the
blood that are transformed into ketones, leading to ketoacidosis and the
body's pH dropping under 7.35. excessive ketones place the body in
metabolic acidosis and in a hyperkalemic state induced by the acidosis.
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA?
Correct Answer -deep and fast kussmal respirations (to compensate to
bring more co2 and acid out of the body) , acetone fruity breath,
confusion, lethargy, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria, dehydration,
nausea and blurred vision, ketones in the urine
What do clients need who have DKA?
Correct Answer -These clients will often need insulin and electrolyte
replacements in order to get the high sugar and high electrolytes and
fluids replenished and replaced
Why does DKA occur?
Correct Answer -The diabetes is not diagnosed with diabetes and has not
taken their insulin, or the type 1 diabetic becomes sick and does not take
their insulin due to not eating or drinking, when they need to be.
What is the role of calcitonin?
Correct Answer -lowers calcium levels in the blood and increases bone
formation and inhibits bone breakdown.
, Where is calcitonin secreted from?
Correct Answer -thyroid
What is nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome?
Correct Answer -severe hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics that is usually
untreated, without ketones
What is significant about the nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
syndrome
Correct Answer -there are no ketones found in urine, type 2 diabetics
affected
What are clinical manifestations of chronic hyperglycemia?
Correct Answer -hypertension, cardio vascular disease from damage to
the blood vessels from excessive sugar, retinopathy or blindness from
excessive sugar, neuropathy, nephropathy
What types of disorders are Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
Correct Answer -inflammatory bowel disorders
What is diverticulosis?
Correct Answer -the out pocketing of the walls of the bowel, making it so
that fecal material can become trapped in the intestine
What is diverticulitis?
Correct Answer -inflammation of the diverticulitis due to retained fecal
material
