PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA)
bCharacteristics imperative to a phlebotomist - Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and
compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function - deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and transport
cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations - Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation - carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns
oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs? - alveoli
Systemic circulation - carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart - right and left atria
lower chambers of the heart - right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve - atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve - semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid) - atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
aortic valve - semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart - Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium< tricuspid valve< right
ventricle< pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left atrium< mitral (bicuspid)
valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart - Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart - oxygenated & away from
venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________ the heart -
deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood - 5-6
Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood? - 55%
Plasma contains.... - proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and
water
, What percent of plasma is water? - 92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood? - 45%
another name for red blood cells... - Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements? - Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells... - leukocytes
another name for platelets... - thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements? - red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate? - stem cells in bone marrow
How many RBCs are in a microliter of blood? - 4.2 to 6.2 million
Normal life span of an RBS is... - 120 days
Function of a leukocyte - provide the body protection against infection
Amount of WBCs per microliter of blood - 5,000-10,000
leukocytosis - increase in WBCs
leukocytosis is seen when? - cases of infection and leukemia
leukopenia - decrease in WBCs
leukopenia is seen when? - viral infections or chemotherapy
Five types of WBCs - neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Average number of platelets per microliter of blood - 140,000-440,000
Hemostasis - process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury
Stage 1 of Hemostasis - Vascular phase
Vascular phase - blood vessel constricts slowing blood flow
Stage 2 of Hemostasis - platelet phase
Platelet phase - platelets adhere to inner lining of vessel to form a platelet plug
Stage 3 of Hemostasis - Coagulation phase
Coagulation phase - converts platelet plug to a stable fibrin clot
Stage 4 of Hemostasis - Fibrinolysis
Fibrinolysis - breakdown and removal of the clot
Preferred site for venipuncture - antecubital fossa
Three major veins located in antecubital fossa - Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein
bCharacteristics imperative to a phlebotomist - Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and
compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function - deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and transport
cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations - Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation - carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns
oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs? - alveoli
Systemic circulation - carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart - right and left atria
lower chambers of the heart - right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve - atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve - semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid) - atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
aortic valve - semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart - Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium< tricuspid valve< right
ventricle< pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left atrium< mitral (bicuspid)
valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart - Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart - oxygenated & away from
venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________ the heart -
deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood - 5-6
Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood? - 55%
Plasma contains.... - proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and
water
, What percent of plasma is water? - 92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood? - 45%
another name for red blood cells... - Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements? - Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells... - leukocytes
another name for platelets... - thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements? - red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate? - stem cells in bone marrow
How many RBCs are in a microliter of blood? - 4.2 to 6.2 million
Normal life span of an RBS is... - 120 days
Function of a leukocyte - provide the body protection against infection
Amount of WBCs per microliter of blood - 5,000-10,000
leukocytosis - increase in WBCs
leukocytosis is seen when? - cases of infection and leukemia
leukopenia - decrease in WBCs
leukopenia is seen when? - viral infections or chemotherapy
Five types of WBCs - neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Average number of platelets per microliter of blood - 140,000-440,000
Hemostasis - process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury
Stage 1 of Hemostasis - Vascular phase
Vascular phase - blood vessel constricts slowing blood flow
Stage 2 of Hemostasis - platelet phase
Platelet phase - platelets adhere to inner lining of vessel to form a platelet plug
Stage 3 of Hemostasis - Coagulation phase
Coagulation phase - converts platelet plug to a stable fibrin clot
Stage 4 of Hemostasis - Fibrinolysis
Fibrinolysis - breakdown and removal of the clot
Preferred site for venipuncture - antecubital fossa
Three major veins located in antecubital fossa - Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein
