HSC 343 Final Test Questions with
All Correct Answers
Which antacids cause constipation? - Answer- Aluminum Salts
Ca Carbonate
Which antacids cause diarrhea? - Answer- Mg Salts
What antacids cause a happy medium? - Answer- Na citrate
Why is it important to diagnosis diarrhea? - Answer- Cause of diarrhea should be
identified if protracted (lasting for a long time)
Fluids and electrolytes may be sufficient
If infection is present, an antidiarrheal may NOT be indicated
Watch for dehydration in extremes of age (old people and babies)
Employees must wash their hands
Loperamide - Answer- OPIOID FOR DIARRHEA
Do NOT use w/MAOIs
Bismuth Subsalicylate - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Adsorbs toxins, irritants, Good for travelers' diarrhea
Should NOT be used in children w/ diarrhea secondary to unknown cause (Reyes) or in
aspirin sensitivity
Kaolin/Pectin - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Do NOT use in children < 3
Cholestyramine - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Adsorbs bile salts and C. difficile toxin
Anticholinergics (Atropine, Dicyclomine (Bentyl)) - Answer- Lots of SE. Used in irritable
bowel.
Alosetron (Lotronex) - Answer- Used for IBS-D (irrataable bowel syndrome with
diarrhea)
Currently for emergency/restricted use for IB-C
Corticosteroids
, for Diarrhea - Answer- Anti-inflammatory. Used in Crohn's disease and ulcerative
colitis.
Drugs for constipation - Answer- Clinical uses include atony after surgery (not acutely)
or due to immobilization
Contraindicated in abdominal pain, cramps, nausea
Contraindicated in acute surgical abdomen, appendicitis, diverticulitis, enteritis, colitis,
or fecal impaction.
Do not use habitually or dependence will result!
Psyllium (Metamucil) - Answer- Flatulence, impaction. Takes 1-3 days
Docusate - Answer- Surface acting to increase H2O into stool
Stimulant laxatives - Answer- May cause Diarrhea
Ployethyleneglycol (PEG) GoLytely - Answer- ↑ H20 into feces. Used to treat occasional
constipation or prior to lower GI procedures.
Sometimes given before scope; used to flush the gut; patient needs to make sure they
keep their fluid intake up
Drugs for Nausea - Answer- Antiemetics
Antiemetics - Answer- These drugs are used to prevent nausea and vomiting. Some of
them are used in pregnancy, although many of them are not safe. Other uses include in
the patient who has had surgery, motion sickness (many OTC preps), and in wasting
syndromes (experienced during chemotherapy for cancers, HIV).
Benedryl - Answer-
Promethazine - Answer- Antihistamine for N/V
PO or IV
Sometimes these agents may have codeine added to them; codeine also prevents
nausea and vomiting
These agents may be given PO ( a lot of times not given PO because patients will
through them back up), some IV, some IM, and some PR. They all work to block the
effect of dopamine at the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Once blocked,
nausea and vomiting subside. These drugs may cause extrapyramidal side effects
(dystonias).
, Ondansetron - Answer- Serotonin Antagonist in the CTZ. Main use is for chemo-
induced (cancer patients) nausea, and anesthesia-induced nausea; pain induced and
opiod induced; should not be used in migraine nausea because of drug- drug
interactions. Black Box Warning because of disformed babies.
Steroids - Answer- Dexamethsone
Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - Answer- Dopamine Antagonist
These agents may be given PO ( a lot of times not given PO because patients will
through them back up), some IV, some IM, and some PR. They all work to block the
effect of dopamine at the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Once blocked,
nausea and vomiting subside. These drugs may cause extrapyramidal side effects
(dystonias).
Aprepitant (Emend) - Answer- Newer drug
Substance P/Neurokinin antagonists
Good for hospital use
For post- op and chemo- induced Nausea and Vomiting
Given Po, well- tolerated, but many drug interactions
Metronidazole - Answer- Activated intermediates bind DNA and inhibit replication
Used for trichomoniasis (♂ + ♀) amebiasis, giardiasis
Mebendazole - Answer- Disrupts microtubules
DOC for pinworms. Also used for roundworms
Treatment for C. Difficile - Answer- C. diff is the most common nosocomial infections.
Symptoms range from mild abdominal discomfort to severe colitis, colon perforation,
sepsis and death
CDI is usually preceded by the use of antibiotics or ingestion of spores
Higher wbc counts denote more severe infection; watch dehydration
Use the bathroom 20 times a day
Treatment of CDI - Answer- Initaial treatment of mild episode is done with
Metronidazole PO
All Correct Answers
Which antacids cause constipation? - Answer- Aluminum Salts
Ca Carbonate
Which antacids cause diarrhea? - Answer- Mg Salts
What antacids cause a happy medium? - Answer- Na citrate
Why is it important to diagnosis diarrhea? - Answer- Cause of diarrhea should be
identified if protracted (lasting for a long time)
Fluids and electrolytes may be sufficient
If infection is present, an antidiarrheal may NOT be indicated
Watch for dehydration in extremes of age (old people and babies)
Employees must wash their hands
Loperamide - Answer- OPIOID FOR DIARRHEA
Do NOT use w/MAOIs
Bismuth Subsalicylate - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Adsorbs toxins, irritants, Good for travelers' diarrhea
Should NOT be used in children w/ diarrhea secondary to unknown cause (Reyes) or in
aspirin sensitivity
Kaolin/Pectin - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Do NOT use in children < 3
Cholestyramine - Answer- ABSORBENT FOR DIARRHEA
Adsorbs bile salts and C. difficile toxin
Anticholinergics (Atropine, Dicyclomine (Bentyl)) - Answer- Lots of SE. Used in irritable
bowel.
Alosetron (Lotronex) - Answer- Used for IBS-D (irrataable bowel syndrome with
diarrhea)
Currently for emergency/restricted use for IB-C
Corticosteroids
, for Diarrhea - Answer- Anti-inflammatory. Used in Crohn's disease and ulcerative
colitis.
Drugs for constipation - Answer- Clinical uses include atony after surgery (not acutely)
or due to immobilization
Contraindicated in abdominal pain, cramps, nausea
Contraindicated in acute surgical abdomen, appendicitis, diverticulitis, enteritis, colitis,
or fecal impaction.
Do not use habitually or dependence will result!
Psyllium (Metamucil) - Answer- Flatulence, impaction. Takes 1-3 days
Docusate - Answer- Surface acting to increase H2O into stool
Stimulant laxatives - Answer- May cause Diarrhea
Ployethyleneglycol (PEG) GoLytely - Answer- ↑ H20 into feces. Used to treat occasional
constipation or prior to lower GI procedures.
Sometimes given before scope; used to flush the gut; patient needs to make sure they
keep their fluid intake up
Drugs for Nausea - Answer- Antiemetics
Antiemetics - Answer- These drugs are used to prevent nausea and vomiting. Some of
them are used in pregnancy, although many of them are not safe. Other uses include in
the patient who has had surgery, motion sickness (many OTC preps), and in wasting
syndromes (experienced during chemotherapy for cancers, HIV).
Benedryl - Answer-
Promethazine - Answer- Antihistamine for N/V
PO or IV
Sometimes these agents may have codeine added to them; codeine also prevents
nausea and vomiting
These agents may be given PO ( a lot of times not given PO because patients will
through them back up), some IV, some IM, and some PR. They all work to block the
effect of dopamine at the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Once blocked,
nausea and vomiting subside. These drugs may cause extrapyramidal side effects
(dystonias).
, Ondansetron - Answer- Serotonin Antagonist in the CTZ. Main use is for chemo-
induced (cancer patients) nausea, and anesthesia-induced nausea; pain induced and
opiod induced; should not be used in migraine nausea because of drug- drug
interactions. Black Box Warning because of disformed babies.
Steroids - Answer- Dexamethsone
Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - Answer- Dopamine Antagonist
These agents may be given PO ( a lot of times not given PO because patients will
through them back up), some IV, some IM, and some PR. They all work to block the
effect of dopamine at the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. Once blocked,
nausea and vomiting subside. These drugs may cause extrapyramidal side effects
(dystonias).
Aprepitant (Emend) - Answer- Newer drug
Substance P/Neurokinin antagonists
Good for hospital use
For post- op and chemo- induced Nausea and Vomiting
Given Po, well- tolerated, but many drug interactions
Metronidazole - Answer- Activated intermediates bind DNA and inhibit replication
Used for trichomoniasis (♂ + ♀) amebiasis, giardiasis
Mebendazole - Answer- Disrupts microtubules
DOC for pinworms. Also used for roundworms
Treatment for C. Difficile - Answer- C. diff is the most common nosocomial infections.
Symptoms range from mild abdominal discomfort to severe colitis, colon perforation,
sepsis and death
CDI is usually preceded by the use of antibiotics or ingestion of spores
Higher wbc counts denote more severe infection; watch dehydration
Use the bathroom 20 times a day
Treatment of CDI - Answer- Initaial treatment of mild episode is done with
Metronidazole PO
