2
TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14
TEST BANK
,2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 2 2
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
2 2 2
1. Basic Concepts.
2 2
Arguments,2Premises,2and2Conclusions.2Exercise.2Recognizing2Arguments.2Exercise.2Deduction2and2Induction.2Exercise.2Validity,2Truth,2Soundn
2Strength,2Cogency.2Exercise.2Argument2Forms:2Proving2Invalidity.2Exercise.2Extended2Arguments.2Exercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
2 2 2 2
Varieties2of2Meaning.2Exercise.2The2Intension2and2Extension2of2Terms.2Exercise.2Definitions2and2Their2Purposes.2Exercise.2Definitional2Techniq
.2Exercise.2Criteria2for2Lexical2Definitions.2Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
2 2
Fallacies2in2General.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Relevance.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Weak2Induction.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Presumption,2Ambiguity,2
d2Illicit2Transference.2Exercise.2Fallacies2in2Ordinary2Language.2Exercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
2 2 2
4. Categorical Propositions.
2 2
The2Components2of2Categorical2Propositions.2Exercise.2Quality,2Quantity,2and2Distribution.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagrams2and2the2Modern2Squar
f2Opposition.2Exercise.2Conversion,2Obversion,2and2Contraposition.2Exercise.2The2Traditional2Square2of2Opposition.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagram
nd2the2Traditional2Standpoint.2Exercise.2Translating2Ordinary2Language2Statements2into2Categorical2Form.2Exercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
2 2
Standard2Form,2Mood,2and2Figure.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagrams.2Exercise.2Rules2and2Fallacies.2Exercise.2Reducing2the2Number2of2Terms.2Exercis
Ordinary2Language2Arguments.2Exercise.2Enthymemes.2Exercise.2Sorites.2Exercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
2 2
Symbols2and2Translation.2Exercise.2Truth2Functions.2Exercise.2Truth2Tables2for2Propositions.2Exercise.2Truth2Tables2for2Arguments.2Exercise.2Ind
ct2Truth2Tables.2Exercise.2Argument2Forms2and2Fallacies.2Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
2 2 2 2 2
Rules2of2Implication2I.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Implication2II.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Replacement2I.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Replacement2II.2Exercise.2Condition
Proof.2Exercise.2Indirect2Proof.2Exercise.2Proving2Logical2Truths.2Exercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
2 2
Symbols2and2Translation.2Exercise.2Using2the2Rules2of2Inference.2Exercise.2Quantifier2Negation2Rule.2Exercise.2Conditional2and2Indirect2Proo
xercise.2Proving2Invalidity.2Exercise.2Relational2Predicates2and2Overlapping2Quantifiers.2Exercise.2Identity.2Exercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
2 2 2
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
2 2 2 2 2 2
Analogical2Reasoning.2Legal2Reasoning.2Moral2Reasoning.2Exercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
2 2 2 2
,"Cause"2and2Necessary2and2Sufficient2Conditions.2Mill's2Five2Methods.2Mill's2Methods2and2Science.2Exercise.
11. Probability.
2
Theories2of2Probability.2The2Probability2Calculus.2Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
2 2
Evaluating2Statistics.2Samples.2The2Meaning2of2"Average."2Dispersion.2Graphs2and2Pictograms.2Percentages.2Exercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
2 2
The2Hypothetical2Method.2Hypothetical2Reasoning:2Four2Examples2from2Science.2The2Proof2of2Hypotheses.2The2Tentative2Acceptance2of2Hyp
heses.2Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
2 2 2
Distinguishing2Between2Science2and2Superstition.2Evidentiary2Support.2Objectivity.2Integrity.2Abusing2Science.2Exercise.
Answers2to2Selected2Exercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
2 2 2
MULTIPLE2CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:2The2following2selections2relate2to2distinguishing2arguments2from2nonarguments
and2identifying2conclusions.2Select2the2best2answer2for2each.
1.2 There2appears2to2be2a2growing2happiness2gap2between2men2and2women.2Women2today2are2working
more2and2relaxing2less,2while2men2are2working2less2and2relaxing2more.2Forty2years2ago2a2typical
woman2spent2402minutes2more2per2week2than2the2typical2man2performing2an2activity2considered
unpleasant.2Today,2with2men2working2less,2the2gap2is2902minutes2and2growing.
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Today2...2the2gap2is2902minutes2and2growing.
b.2 Nonargument.
c.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Forty2years2ago2...2an2activity2considered2unpleasant.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2There2appears2to2be2...2between2men2and2women.
e.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Women2today2are2working2more2and2relaxing2less.
ANS:2 D PTS:2 2
2.2 Lead2is2toxic,2but2do2you2know2why?2Lead2is2toxic2mainly2because2it2preferentially2replaces2other
metals2in2biochemical2reactions.2In2so2doing2it2interferes2with2the2proteins2that2regulate2blood2pressure
(which2can2cause2development2delays2in2children2and2high2blood2pressure2in2adults),2heme2production
(which2can2lead2to2anemia),2and2sperm2production.2Lead2also2displaces2calcium2in2the2reactions2that
transmit2electrical2impulses2in2the2brain,2which2diminishes2the2ability2to2think2and2recall2information.
Anne2Marie2Helmstine,2"Your2Guide2to2Chemistry"
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2interferes2with2the2proteins2...2and2sperm2production.
b.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Lead2is2toxic.
c.2 Nonargument.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2preferentially2replaces2other2metals2in2biochemical2reactions.
e.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Lead2also2displaces2calcium2...2recall2information.
ANS:2 C PTS:2 2
3.2 Aristotle2focused2on2clarifying2the2concept2of2virtue2itself.2He2argued2that2it2was2virtuous2to2choose2the
proper2amount2of2emotion2and/or2action2called2for2in2a2particular2situation2and2that2extremes2of
emotion2and2action2were2vices.2In2all2communities2there2are2some2men2of2practical2wisdom2who2have
the2capacity2to2judge2wisely.2Aristotle2argued2that2they2have2the2capacity2to2follow2the2"right2rule"
whatever2the2situation.
David2Cooper,2Value2Pluralism2and2Ethical2Choice
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2In2all2communities2...2capacity2to2judge2wisely.
b.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Aristotle2focused2on2clarifying2the2concept2of2virtue2itself.
c.2 Argument;2conclusion:2They2have2the2capacity2to2follow2...2the2situation.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2He2argued2that2it2was2virtuous2...2were2vices
e.2 Nonargument.
ANS:2 E PTS:2 2
4.2 Illegal2immigrants2pay2local2sales2taxes,2and2many2of2them2also2pay2state,2local,2and2federal2income2tax
and2Social2Security2tax.2They2also2purchase2items2from2local2merchants,2increasing2the2amount2these
merchants2pay2in2taxes.2In2addition,2they2work2for2low2salaries,2which2increases2the2earnings2of2their
employers2and2the2amount2of2taxes2these2employers2pay.2Thus,2it2is2not2correct2to2say2that2illegal
immigrants2contribute2nothing2to2the2communities2in2which2they2live.
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2is2not2correct2to2say2...2communities2in2which2they2live.
1
TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14
TEST BANK
,2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 2 2
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
2 2 2
1. Basic Concepts.
2 2
Arguments,2Premises,2and2Conclusions.2Exercise.2Recognizing2Arguments.2Exercise.2Deduction2and2Induction.2Exercise.2Validity,2Truth,2Soundn
2Strength,2Cogency.2Exercise.2Argument2Forms:2Proving2Invalidity.2Exercise.2Extended2Arguments.2Exercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
2 2 2 2
Varieties2of2Meaning.2Exercise.2The2Intension2and2Extension2of2Terms.2Exercise.2Definitions2and2Their2Purposes.2Exercise.2Definitional2Techniq
.2Exercise.2Criteria2for2Lexical2Definitions.2Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
2 2
Fallacies2in2General.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Relevance.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Weak2Induction.2Exercise.2Fallacies2of2Presumption,2Ambiguity,2
d2Illicit2Transference.2Exercise.2Fallacies2in2Ordinary2Language.2Exercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
2 2 2
4. Categorical Propositions.
2 2
The2Components2of2Categorical2Propositions.2Exercise.2Quality,2Quantity,2and2Distribution.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagrams2and2the2Modern2Squar
f2Opposition.2Exercise.2Conversion,2Obversion,2and2Contraposition.2Exercise.2The2Traditional2Square2of2Opposition.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagram
nd2the2Traditional2Standpoint.2Exercise.2Translating2Ordinary2Language2Statements2into2Categorical2Form.2Exercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
2 2
Standard2Form,2Mood,2and2Figure.2Exercise.2Venn2Diagrams.2Exercise.2Rules2and2Fallacies.2Exercise.2Reducing2the2Number2of2Terms.2Exercis
Ordinary2Language2Arguments.2Exercise.2Enthymemes.2Exercise.2Sorites.2Exercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
2 2
Symbols2and2Translation.2Exercise.2Truth2Functions.2Exercise.2Truth2Tables2for2Propositions.2Exercise.2Truth2Tables2for2Arguments.2Exercise.2Ind
ct2Truth2Tables.2Exercise.2Argument2Forms2and2Fallacies.2Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
2 2 2 2 2
Rules2of2Implication2I.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Implication2II.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Replacement2I.2Exercise.2Rules2of2Replacement2II.2Exercise.2Condition
Proof.2Exercise.2Indirect2Proof.2Exercise.2Proving2Logical2Truths.2Exercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
2 2
Symbols2and2Translation.2Exercise.2Using2the2Rules2of2Inference.2Exercise.2Quantifier2Negation2Rule.2Exercise.2Conditional2and2Indirect2Proo
xercise.2Proving2Invalidity.2Exercise.2Relational2Predicates2and2Overlapping2Quantifiers.2Exercise.2Identity.2Exercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
2 2 2
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
2 2 2 2 2 2
Analogical2Reasoning.2Legal2Reasoning.2Moral2Reasoning.2Exercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
2 2 2 2
,"Cause"2and2Necessary2and2Sufficient2Conditions.2Mill's2Five2Methods.2Mill's2Methods2and2Science.2Exercise.
11. Probability.
2
Theories2of2Probability.2The2Probability2Calculus.2Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
2 2
Evaluating2Statistics.2Samples.2The2Meaning2of2"Average."2Dispersion.2Graphs2and2Pictograms.2Percentages.2Exercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
2 2
The2Hypothetical2Method.2Hypothetical2Reasoning:2Four2Examples2from2Science.2The2Proof2of2Hypotheses.2The2Tentative2Acceptance2of2Hyp
heses.2Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
2 2 2
Distinguishing2Between2Science2and2Superstition.2Evidentiary2Support.2Objectivity.2Integrity.2Abusing2Science.2Exercise.
Answers2to2Selected2Exercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
2 2 2
MULTIPLE2CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:2The2following2selections2relate2to2distinguishing2arguments2from2nonarguments
and2identifying2conclusions.2Select2the2best2answer2for2each.
1.2 There2appears2to2be2a2growing2happiness2gap2between2men2and2women.2Women2today2are2working
more2and2relaxing2less,2while2men2are2working2less2and2relaxing2more.2Forty2years2ago2a2typical
woman2spent2402minutes2more2per2week2than2the2typical2man2performing2an2activity2considered
unpleasant.2Today,2with2men2working2less,2the2gap2is2902minutes2and2growing.
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Today2...2the2gap2is2902minutes2and2growing.
b.2 Nonargument.
c.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Forty2years2ago2...2an2activity2considered2unpleasant.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2There2appears2to2be2...2between2men2and2women.
e.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Women2today2are2working2more2and2relaxing2less.
ANS:2 D PTS:2 2
2.2 Lead2is2toxic,2but2do2you2know2why?2Lead2is2toxic2mainly2because2it2preferentially2replaces2other
metals2in2biochemical2reactions.2In2so2doing2it2interferes2with2the2proteins2that2regulate2blood2pressure
(which2can2cause2development2delays2in2children2and2high2blood2pressure2in2adults),2heme2production
(which2can2lead2to2anemia),2and2sperm2production.2Lead2also2displaces2calcium2in2the2reactions2that
transmit2electrical2impulses2in2the2brain,2which2diminishes2the2ability2to2think2and2recall2information.
Anne2Marie2Helmstine,2"Your2Guide2to2Chemistry"
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2interferes2with2the2proteins2...2and2sperm2production.
b.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Lead2is2toxic.
c.2 Nonargument.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2preferentially2replaces2other2metals2in2biochemical2reactions.
e.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Lead2also2displaces2calcium2...2recall2information.
ANS:2 C PTS:2 2
3.2 Aristotle2focused2on2clarifying2the2concept2of2virtue2itself.2He2argued2that2it2was2virtuous2to2choose2the
proper2amount2of2emotion2and/or2action2called2for2in2a2particular2situation2and2that2extremes2of
emotion2and2action2were2vices.2In2all2communities2there2are2some2men2of2practical2wisdom2who2have
the2capacity2to2judge2wisely.2Aristotle2argued2that2they2have2the2capacity2to2follow2the2"right2rule"
whatever2the2situation.
David2Cooper,2Value2Pluralism2and2Ethical2Choice
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2In2all2communities2...2capacity2to2judge2wisely.
b.2 Argument;2conclusion:2Aristotle2focused2on2clarifying2the2concept2of2virtue2itself.
c.2 Argument;2conclusion:2They2have2the2capacity2to2follow2...2the2situation.
d.2 Argument;2conclusion:2He2argued2that2it2was2virtuous2...2were2vices
e.2 Nonargument.
ANS:2 E PTS:2 2
4.2 Illegal2immigrants2pay2local2sales2taxes,2and2many2of2them2also2pay2state,2local,2and2federal2income2tax
and2Social2Security2tax.2They2also2purchase2items2from2local2merchants,2increasing2the2amount2these
merchants2pay2in2taxes.2In2addition,2they2work2for2low2salaries,2which2increases2the2earnings2of2their
employers2and2the2amount2of2taxes2these2employers2pay.2Thus,2it2is2not2correct2to2say2that2illegal
immigrants2contribute2nothing2to2the2communities2in2which2they2live.
a.2 Argument;2conclusion:2It2is2not2correct2to2say2...2communities2in2which2they2live.
1
