F Action Personal Trainer Certification
three major functions of the nervous system - 1. sensory
2. integrative
3. motor
three types of neurons - 1. interneurons= singles from one neuron to another
2. motor neurons= spinal cord or brain to other parts of the body
3. sensory neurons= body to spinal cord or brain
central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous sytem - all the nerves in the body
CNS: four major sections of the brain - 1. cerebrum= largest part of the brain (80%), left and right
hemispheres
2. diencephalons= center part of the brain
3. cerebellum= rear part of the brain
4. brain stem= connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
PNS - 1. voluntary nervous system (somatic)= signals skeletal muscles to contract voluntary movements
2.involuntary nervous system (autonomic)= relates the contraction of internal organs, heart rate,
digestion, and breathing
skeletal system - -major function= to provide form and shape to the body
-axial skeleton= skull, rib cage, vertebral column
-appendicular skeleton= upper and lower extremities
-206 bones, 177 voluntary movement
-synovial joints= 80% of joints in body
muscular system - - a single muscle is built from many bundles of muscle fibers called fascicule
three types of muscle tissue - 1. cardiac= walls of the heart
2. smooth= composes the epithelial of other hollow organs
3. skeletal= attached to skeleton, voluntary
three muscle actions - 1. concentric= muscle fibers are shortened, contractions
, 2. ecentric= muscles lengthen
3. isometric= tension on the muscle
three types of muscle pain after workout - 1. muscle soreness
2. muscle and joint soreness= few hours after workout
3. delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)= lasts for a few days
cardiorespiratory system - -offer oxygen, protective agents, and nutrients to the tissues of the kinetic
chain (muscular, articular, neural systems)
cardiovascular system three compounds - 1. heart
2. blood vessels carrying blood between heart and tissue
3. blood
respiratory sytem (pulmonary system) - -made up of soft tissue and skeletal structures
-major function= all cells function properly
three energy systems - 1. immediate energy (ATP-CP system)
2. short term energy (lactic acid or glycolytic system)
3. long term energy (aerobic or oxidative system)
biomechanics - -use of engineering principles and applying them to biological organisms (mechanics of
tissues, joints, and human movement)
biomechanics and exercise: anatomy - 1. muscles composed of millions of fibers
2. these fibers are wrapped by fascia, or connective tissue, called endomysium
3. endomysium forms bundles that are surrounded by another layer of tissue called the perimysium
4. perimysium covered by a fibrous facial layer called the epimysium
5. epimysium extends from the tendons that connect the bones to muscles
five biomechanics benefits of warm-up - 1. cardiorespiratory enhancements
2. prevents premature fatigue during workouts
3. heighten body temp
4. enhances motor skills and brain transitions for continuos activity
5. symtoms of pain, stress, or discomfort from the skeletal muscles or cardiovascular systems are
increased
four reasons to cool-down - 1. delays the onset of muscle soreness after activity by reducing lactic acid
build up
three major functions of the nervous system - 1. sensory
2. integrative
3. motor
three types of neurons - 1. interneurons= singles from one neuron to another
2. motor neurons= spinal cord or brain to other parts of the body
3. sensory neurons= body to spinal cord or brain
central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous sytem - all the nerves in the body
CNS: four major sections of the brain - 1. cerebrum= largest part of the brain (80%), left and right
hemispheres
2. diencephalons= center part of the brain
3. cerebellum= rear part of the brain
4. brain stem= connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
PNS - 1. voluntary nervous system (somatic)= signals skeletal muscles to contract voluntary movements
2.involuntary nervous system (autonomic)= relates the contraction of internal organs, heart rate,
digestion, and breathing
skeletal system - -major function= to provide form and shape to the body
-axial skeleton= skull, rib cage, vertebral column
-appendicular skeleton= upper and lower extremities
-206 bones, 177 voluntary movement
-synovial joints= 80% of joints in body
muscular system - - a single muscle is built from many bundles of muscle fibers called fascicule
three types of muscle tissue - 1. cardiac= walls of the heart
2. smooth= composes the epithelial of other hollow organs
3. skeletal= attached to skeleton, voluntary
three muscle actions - 1. concentric= muscle fibers are shortened, contractions
, 2. ecentric= muscles lengthen
3. isometric= tension on the muscle
three types of muscle pain after workout - 1. muscle soreness
2. muscle and joint soreness= few hours after workout
3. delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)= lasts for a few days
cardiorespiratory system - -offer oxygen, protective agents, and nutrients to the tissues of the kinetic
chain (muscular, articular, neural systems)
cardiovascular system three compounds - 1. heart
2. blood vessels carrying blood between heart and tissue
3. blood
respiratory sytem (pulmonary system) - -made up of soft tissue and skeletal structures
-major function= all cells function properly
three energy systems - 1. immediate energy (ATP-CP system)
2. short term energy (lactic acid or glycolytic system)
3. long term energy (aerobic or oxidative system)
biomechanics - -use of engineering principles and applying them to biological organisms (mechanics of
tissues, joints, and human movement)
biomechanics and exercise: anatomy - 1. muscles composed of millions of fibers
2. these fibers are wrapped by fascia, or connective tissue, called endomysium
3. endomysium forms bundles that are surrounded by another layer of tissue called the perimysium
4. perimysium covered by a fibrous facial layer called the epimysium
5. epimysium extends from the tendons that connect the bones to muscles
five biomechanics benefits of warm-up - 1. cardiorespiratory enhancements
2. prevents premature fatigue during workouts
3. heighten body temp
4. enhances motor skills and brain transitions for continuos activity
5. symtoms of pain, stress, or discomfort from the skeletal muscles or cardiovascular systems are
increased
four reasons to cool-down - 1. delays the onset of muscle soreness after activity by reducing lactic acid
build up
