UTA Family 3 Final Exam Questions With
100% Accurate Answers || Graded A+
<Updated Version>
Clinical manifestations of Pulmonary Embolism - ANSWER ✔ Sudden onset
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, unexplained anxiety
Less common- syncope and hemoptysis
Risk factors for PE - ANSWER ✔ Triad of Virchow
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury
CM of pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia,
increased work of breathing, inspiratory crackles (rales), pink frothy sputum,
hypoventilation with hypercapnea
Causes of pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Left-sided heart failure (most
common), capillary injury, lymphatic blockage
Risk factors for pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Heart disease, ARDS, inhalation
of toxic gasses
What treatment is mandatory for pulmonary edema? - ANSWER ✔ O2
administration
What is flail chest? - ANSWER ✔ Fracture of several consecutive ribs in more
than one place or fracture of sternum and several consecutive ribs
CM of flail chest - ANSWER ✔ Pain, dyspnea, unequal chest expansion,
hypoventilation, hypoxemia
How does flail chest move during respirations? - ANSWER ✔ Inspiration= inward
movement of injured area
,Expiration= outward movement of injured area
Types of and causes of pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Primary- spontaneous,
occurs in thin males 20-40 or patients with emphysema
Secondary- from trauma, rupture of COPD bleb or bulla, or mechanical ventilation
(especially if it includes PEEP)
Iatrogenic- trans thoracic needle aspiration
Tension- pleural rupture
Define pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Presence of air or gas on pleural space from
rupture in visceral pleura. Lung will collapse.
CM of pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Sudden pleural pain
Tachypnea
Mild dyspnea
Absent or decreased breath sounds
Deviated trachea
SOB
Hypotension
Severe hypoxemia
Result of tension pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Rupture acts as one way valve- air
enters but is unable to escape. Pressures continue to increase.
Causes complete lung collapse, compression and displacement of heart and great
vessels
Pleural effusion types and causes - ANSWER ✔ Transudative- watery fluid- from
increased hydrostatic or decreased Oncotic pressure
Exudative- WBC and plasma proteins- response to inflammation, infection, or
malignancy
May also be empyema(pus), hemothorax (blood), or chyle (chylothorax)
Causes of hypoxic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ Direct injury to lungs
Injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or organs
Post-op complication secondary to anesthesia or narcotics
PaO2 of hypoxic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ </= 50 mmHg
,PaO2 of hypercapnic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ >/= 50 mmHg
Phases of acute lung injury/ARDS - ANSWER ✔ Inflammatory- (first 72 hours)
inflammatory process is activated, fluid, protein, and blood cells leak into
interstition, gas exchange is impaired
Proliferative- (4-21 days) pulmonary edema resolves, inter alveolar exudate
becomes granular, hypoxia worsens
Fibrotic- (14-21 days) remodeling and fibrosis, impaired lung function may be
permanent
Risk factors for ARDS - ANSWER ✔ Genetic factors, sepsis, multiple traumas,
PNA, burns, aspiration, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, pancreatitis, drug
overdose, smoke or noxious gas inhalation, O2 toxicity, radiation therapy, DIC
Asthma is what type of hypersensitivity? - ANSWER ✔ Type I, IgE mediated
Atopic disorder
Define chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔ Hypersecretion of mucous and a chronic
productive cough that lasts at least 3 months of the year for a minimum of 2 years
CM of chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔ Decreased exercise tolerance
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Productive "smoker's cough"
Chronic bronchitis airway changes - ANSWER ✔ Hyperplasia of mucous-
secreting cells of the airways
Cilia function is impaired and unable to clear excessive mucous
Mucous can plug airways and impair oxygenation
Emphysema airway changes - ANSWER ✔ Alveoli destroyed by breakdown of
elastin. Bronchial walls collapse during expiration, trapping air.
CM of emphysema - ANSWER ✔ Dyspnea on exertion, progresses to dyspnea at
rest
Thin appearance r/t increased metabolism
, Shallow, rapid breaths with prolonged expiration- pursed lips
Barrel chest, Hypoxia, Cyanosis, Respiratory acidosis, tripod position
Difference between healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired pneumonia -
ANSWER ✔ Associated- health care contact in last 90 days
Acquired- diagnosed more than 48 hours after admission to hospital
CM of pneumonia - ANSWER ✔ Cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, malaise, pleuritic
chest pain
Infiltrates on CXR
How is pneumonia typically acquired - ANSWER ✔ Aspiration on secretions,
usually preceded by a viral upper respiratory tract infection
CM of squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Non-productive cough,
hemoptysis, airway obstruction, associated PNA and atelectasis
Chest pain is late sign
Location and growth rate of squamous cell carcinoma tumors - ANSWER ✔
Centrally located
Slow growth- late metastasis
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Strong association with
smoking
Highest incidence is smokers with COPD
CM of adenocarcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Asymptotic
Possible pleuritic chest pain, SOB, pleural effusion
Location and growth rate of adenocarcinoma tumors - ANSWER ✔ Small,
peripherally located tumors
Moderate growth rate with early metastasis
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma - ANSWER ✔ More frequent in non-smokers,
women, Asians
Environmental tobacco smoke, occupational carcinogens, viruses, hormones and
familial history can be causes
100% Accurate Answers || Graded A+
<Updated Version>
Clinical manifestations of Pulmonary Embolism - ANSWER ✔ Sudden onset
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, unexplained anxiety
Less common- syncope and hemoptysis
Risk factors for PE - ANSWER ✔ Triad of Virchow
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury
CM of pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia,
increased work of breathing, inspiratory crackles (rales), pink frothy sputum,
hypoventilation with hypercapnea
Causes of pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Left-sided heart failure (most
common), capillary injury, lymphatic blockage
Risk factors for pulmonary edema - ANSWER ✔ Heart disease, ARDS, inhalation
of toxic gasses
What treatment is mandatory for pulmonary edema? - ANSWER ✔ O2
administration
What is flail chest? - ANSWER ✔ Fracture of several consecutive ribs in more
than one place or fracture of sternum and several consecutive ribs
CM of flail chest - ANSWER ✔ Pain, dyspnea, unequal chest expansion,
hypoventilation, hypoxemia
How does flail chest move during respirations? - ANSWER ✔ Inspiration= inward
movement of injured area
,Expiration= outward movement of injured area
Types of and causes of pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Primary- spontaneous,
occurs in thin males 20-40 or patients with emphysema
Secondary- from trauma, rupture of COPD bleb or bulla, or mechanical ventilation
(especially if it includes PEEP)
Iatrogenic- trans thoracic needle aspiration
Tension- pleural rupture
Define pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Presence of air or gas on pleural space from
rupture in visceral pleura. Lung will collapse.
CM of pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Sudden pleural pain
Tachypnea
Mild dyspnea
Absent or decreased breath sounds
Deviated trachea
SOB
Hypotension
Severe hypoxemia
Result of tension pneumothorax - ANSWER ✔ Rupture acts as one way valve- air
enters but is unable to escape. Pressures continue to increase.
Causes complete lung collapse, compression and displacement of heart and great
vessels
Pleural effusion types and causes - ANSWER ✔ Transudative- watery fluid- from
increased hydrostatic or decreased Oncotic pressure
Exudative- WBC and plasma proteins- response to inflammation, infection, or
malignancy
May also be empyema(pus), hemothorax (blood), or chyle (chylothorax)
Causes of hypoxic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ Direct injury to lungs
Injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or organs
Post-op complication secondary to anesthesia or narcotics
PaO2 of hypoxic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ </= 50 mmHg
,PaO2 of hypercapnic respiratory failure - ANSWER ✔ >/= 50 mmHg
Phases of acute lung injury/ARDS - ANSWER ✔ Inflammatory- (first 72 hours)
inflammatory process is activated, fluid, protein, and blood cells leak into
interstition, gas exchange is impaired
Proliferative- (4-21 days) pulmonary edema resolves, inter alveolar exudate
becomes granular, hypoxia worsens
Fibrotic- (14-21 days) remodeling and fibrosis, impaired lung function may be
permanent
Risk factors for ARDS - ANSWER ✔ Genetic factors, sepsis, multiple traumas,
PNA, burns, aspiration, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, pancreatitis, drug
overdose, smoke or noxious gas inhalation, O2 toxicity, radiation therapy, DIC
Asthma is what type of hypersensitivity? - ANSWER ✔ Type I, IgE mediated
Atopic disorder
Define chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔ Hypersecretion of mucous and a chronic
productive cough that lasts at least 3 months of the year for a minimum of 2 years
CM of chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔ Decreased exercise tolerance
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Productive "smoker's cough"
Chronic bronchitis airway changes - ANSWER ✔ Hyperplasia of mucous-
secreting cells of the airways
Cilia function is impaired and unable to clear excessive mucous
Mucous can plug airways and impair oxygenation
Emphysema airway changes - ANSWER ✔ Alveoli destroyed by breakdown of
elastin. Bronchial walls collapse during expiration, trapping air.
CM of emphysema - ANSWER ✔ Dyspnea on exertion, progresses to dyspnea at
rest
Thin appearance r/t increased metabolism
, Shallow, rapid breaths with prolonged expiration- pursed lips
Barrel chest, Hypoxia, Cyanosis, Respiratory acidosis, tripod position
Difference between healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired pneumonia -
ANSWER ✔ Associated- health care contact in last 90 days
Acquired- diagnosed more than 48 hours after admission to hospital
CM of pneumonia - ANSWER ✔ Cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, malaise, pleuritic
chest pain
Infiltrates on CXR
How is pneumonia typically acquired - ANSWER ✔ Aspiration on secretions,
usually preceded by a viral upper respiratory tract infection
CM of squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Non-productive cough,
hemoptysis, airway obstruction, associated PNA and atelectasis
Chest pain is late sign
Location and growth rate of squamous cell carcinoma tumors - ANSWER ✔
Centrally located
Slow growth- late metastasis
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Strong association with
smoking
Highest incidence is smokers with COPD
CM of adenocarcinoma - ANSWER ✔ Asymptotic
Possible pleuritic chest pain, SOB, pleural effusion
Location and growth rate of adenocarcinoma tumors - ANSWER ✔ Small,
peripherally located tumors
Moderate growth rate with early metastasis
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma - ANSWER ✔ More frequent in non-smokers,
women, Asians
Environmental tobacco smoke, occupational carcinogens, viruses, hormones and
familial history can be causes
