MLT 106 Test 3 ABO And Rh Blood System Groups
Questions And Answers
The ABO system was discovered in 1901 by _____ ANS Karl Landsteiner
Almost all healthy people older than ____ of age have _______ to the ABO antigens they lack ANS 3-6
months; naturally occurring antibodies
Landsteiner demonstrated that a person's serum contained antibodies(naturally occurring) against ______ ANS
an antigen absent from his own red blood cells; also termed *is hemagglutinins*
"Landsteiner's Rule" states:
If the ABO *antigen is present on the cells,* ______
If the ABO *antibody is present in the serum,* ______ ANS - the corresponding *antibody will be absent
from the serum*
- the corresponding *antigen will be absent on the cells*
The ABO blood group system remains the most important in ______ and ____ practice. ANS Transfusion
and transplantation
An *incompatible ABO transfusion* results to _______ ANS acute intravascular hemolysis and renal
failure , and can be fatal
Today, ABO typing reagents are manufactured from _____ derived from culture cell lines, which have several
advantages over conventional human and plant ABO reagents. ANS monoclonal antibodies;
- Major advantages is *reproducibility*
; undesired antibody specificities are also excluded from the antisera
Anti-A reagent is ANS Blue
Anti-B reagent is ANS Yellow
,There is always an ________ between the *forward and reverse type;* thus, one serves as a check on the other.
ANS inverse reciprocal relationship
Phenotype *A* ANS *Forward typing*
+,=
*Reverse typing*
=, +
Phenotype *B* ANS *Forward typing*
=, +
*Reverse typing*
+, =
Phenotype *AB* ANS *Forward typing*
+, +
*Reverse typing*
=, =
Phenotype *O* ANS *Forward typing*
=, =
*Reverse typing*
+, +
Forward Grouping (also known as front type): ANS Testing for an individual's ABO antigens( unknown
antigens on the red blood cells) using antisera (reagents with known ABO antibodies)
; Anti-A
; Anti-B
Reverse Grouping (also known as back type) ANS Testing for the presence or absence of individual ABO
antibodies(unknown antibodies) using reagent red blood cells(known antigens)
; 2 to 4% suspension of Reagent A1 Cells
, ; 2 to 4% suspension of Reagent B Cells
The major antigens of the ABO systems are: ANS A
B
H(O)
The major antibodies of the ABO system: ANS Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-A,B
Anti-H
Antibody production *peaks* between ______ and declines later in life ANS 5 and 10 years of age
Some or all of antibodies present may be _____ of maternal origin that have crossed the placenta. ANS
IgG
______ usually have lower levels of anti-A and anti-B; therefore, antibodies may be undetectable in the reserve
grouping ANS Elderly people
Naturally occurring antibodies: ANS individuals normally produce antibodies directed against the A and/or
B antigens(s) absent from their RBCs
- These antibodies are predominantly *IgM*
Anti-A,B antibody is not a combination of anti-A and anti-B but is a separate _______ antibody that is usually
IgG in nature ANS "cross reacting"
One position or locus on each of the chromosome ___ is occupied by A, B, O gene. ANS 9
A and B genes are ______ to each other ANS codominant
______ is considered *amorph gene* because no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance
of this gene ANS Gene O
Questions And Answers
The ABO system was discovered in 1901 by _____ ANS Karl Landsteiner
Almost all healthy people older than ____ of age have _______ to the ABO antigens they lack ANS 3-6
months; naturally occurring antibodies
Landsteiner demonstrated that a person's serum contained antibodies(naturally occurring) against ______ ANS
an antigen absent from his own red blood cells; also termed *is hemagglutinins*
"Landsteiner's Rule" states:
If the ABO *antigen is present on the cells,* ______
If the ABO *antibody is present in the serum,* ______ ANS - the corresponding *antibody will be absent
from the serum*
- the corresponding *antigen will be absent on the cells*
The ABO blood group system remains the most important in ______ and ____ practice. ANS Transfusion
and transplantation
An *incompatible ABO transfusion* results to _______ ANS acute intravascular hemolysis and renal
failure , and can be fatal
Today, ABO typing reagents are manufactured from _____ derived from culture cell lines, which have several
advantages over conventional human and plant ABO reagents. ANS monoclonal antibodies;
- Major advantages is *reproducibility*
; undesired antibody specificities are also excluded from the antisera
Anti-A reagent is ANS Blue
Anti-B reagent is ANS Yellow
,There is always an ________ between the *forward and reverse type;* thus, one serves as a check on the other.
ANS inverse reciprocal relationship
Phenotype *A* ANS *Forward typing*
+,=
*Reverse typing*
=, +
Phenotype *B* ANS *Forward typing*
=, +
*Reverse typing*
+, =
Phenotype *AB* ANS *Forward typing*
+, +
*Reverse typing*
=, =
Phenotype *O* ANS *Forward typing*
=, =
*Reverse typing*
+, +
Forward Grouping (also known as front type): ANS Testing for an individual's ABO antigens( unknown
antigens on the red blood cells) using antisera (reagents with known ABO antibodies)
; Anti-A
; Anti-B
Reverse Grouping (also known as back type) ANS Testing for the presence or absence of individual ABO
antibodies(unknown antibodies) using reagent red blood cells(known antigens)
; 2 to 4% suspension of Reagent A1 Cells
, ; 2 to 4% suspension of Reagent B Cells
The major antigens of the ABO systems are: ANS A
B
H(O)
The major antibodies of the ABO system: ANS Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-A,B
Anti-H
Antibody production *peaks* between ______ and declines later in life ANS 5 and 10 years of age
Some or all of antibodies present may be _____ of maternal origin that have crossed the placenta. ANS
IgG
______ usually have lower levels of anti-A and anti-B; therefore, antibodies may be undetectable in the reserve
grouping ANS Elderly people
Naturally occurring antibodies: ANS individuals normally produce antibodies directed against the A and/or
B antigens(s) absent from their RBCs
- These antibodies are predominantly *IgM*
Anti-A,B antibody is not a combination of anti-A and anti-B but is a separate _______ antibody that is usually
IgG in nature ANS "cross reacting"
One position or locus on each of the chromosome ___ is occupied by A, B, O gene. ANS 9
A and B genes are ______ to each other ANS codominant
______ is considered *amorph gene* because no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance
of this gene ANS Gene O
