BIOD 121 MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024-2025
physical health
body's ability to perform daily functions for survival
intellectual health
emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion
social health - ability to interact with others
spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices
the cognitive ability to learn and adapt
emotional health
social health - ability to interact with others
spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices
the ability to express or suppress emotion
social health
ability to interact with others
spiritual health
purpose for human existence, cultural practices
what is nutrition?
the science that links foods to health and disease
what processes does nutrition include?
ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, excretion
when is nutrition important?
conception to death
what is the difference between food and nutrients?
food provides energy in terms of calories while nutrients are substances in food
Science of Nutrition
the study of the nutrients in food and the body's handling of them
provides information to consumers
,Why do we get hungry?
Hormones impact hunger
Ghrelin
--increases hunger
--when traveling to the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety
center
--produced by stomach
Leptin
--decreases hunger
--alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center
--produced in adipose cells
which hormone would obese individuals most likely have higher levels of than
their peers?
Leptin
Roles of leptin and ghrelin
Ghrelin: signals brain to take in food, increases appetite
Leptin: signals brain to decrease level of hunger and food intake
--- balance hunger and satiety
internal forces: why do we eat?
Hunger
Appetite
Satiety
Hypothalamus
,hunger
lack of food
internal
is hunger an internal or external drive?
negative
is hunger a negative or positive sensation?
appetite
--integrated response to food
--defined as psychological external influences that encourage us to find food and
consume it
external
is appetite an internal or external drive?
positive
is appetite a negative or positive sensation?
satiety
feeling of fullness
Hypothalamus
region of the brain feeding center and satiety center
Appetite Psychological external influences
(external forces that might cause us to want to eat)
1. sensory
2. cognitive
3. environmental
4. health status
Sensory examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
flavor, texture, appearance, smell
cognitive examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
habits, comfort foods, advertising, social foods, nutritional value
, Environmental examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
economics, lifestyle, cultural / religious beliefs, enviroment
Health status examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
physical restrictions, age, gender
gastrointestinal tract
what is the main site in the body used for digestion and absorption?
What does the GI tract consist of?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What organ plays an important role in satiety and weight regulation?
stomach
what are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts
to control the function of another type of cell?
hormones
what are the nutrients in food used by our bodies to do?
(1) promote growth and development;
(2) maintain tissue, cells, and bone;
(3) fuel the body for physical and metabolic work; and
(4) regulate body processes
why do we need to eat?
We eat because our bodies cannot make (or cannot make enough of) the nutrients to
sustain a healthy life
Essential nutrients are
nutrients that can only be obtained from the diet
nutrients that are vital for sustaining our health are referred to as
4 types of nutrients
QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2024-2025
physical health
body's ability to perform daily functions for survival
intellectual health
emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion
social health - ability to interact with others
spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices
the cognitive ability to learn and adapt
emotional health
social health - ability to interact with others
spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices
the ability to express or suppress emotion
social health
ability to interact with others
spiritual health
purpose for human existence, cultural practices
what is nutrition?
the science that links foods to health and disease
what processes does nutrition include?
ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, excretion
when is nutrition important?
conception to death
what is the difference between food and nutrients?
food provides energy in terms of calories while nutrients are substances in food
Science of Nutrition
the study of the nutrients in food and the body's handling of them
provides information to consumers
,Why do we get hungry?
Hormones impact hunger
Ghrelin
--increases hunger
--when traveling to the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety
center
--produced by stomach
Leptin
--decreases hunger
--alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center
--produced in adipose cells
which hormone would obese individuals most likely have higher levels of than
their peers?
Leptin
Roles of leptin and ghrelin
Ghrelin: signals brain to take in food, increases appetite
Leptin: signals brain to decrease level of hunger and food intake
--- balance hunger and satiety
internal forces: why do we eat?
Hunger
Appetite
Satiety
Hypothalamus
,hunger
lack of food
internal
is hunger an internal or external drive?
negative
is hunger a negative or positive sensation?
appetite
--integrated response to food
--defined as psychological external influences that encourage us to find food and
consume it
external
is appetite an internal or external drive?
positive
is appetite a negative or positive sensation?
satiety
feeling of fullness
Hypothalamus
region of the brain feeding center and satiety center
Appetite Psychological external influences
(external forces that might cause us to want to eat)
1. sensory
2. cognitive
3. environmental
4. health status
Sensory examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
flavor, texture, appearance, smell
cognitive examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
habits, comfort foods, advertising, social foods, nutritional value
, Environmental examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
economics, lifestyle, cultural / religious beliefs, enviroment
Health status examples
[Appetite Psychological external influence]
physical restrictions, age, gender
gastrointestinal tract
what is the main site in the body used for digestion and absorption?
What does the GI tract consist of?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What organ plays an important role in satiety and weight regulation?
stomach
what are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts
to control the function of another type of cell?
hormones
what are the nutrients in food used by our bodies to do?
(1) promote growth and development;
(2) maintain tissue, cells, and bone;
(3) fuel the body for physical and metabolic work; and
(4) regulate body processes
why do we need to eat?
We eat because our bodies cannot make (or cannot make enough of) the nutrients to
sustain a healthy life
Essential nutrients are
nutrients that can only be obtained from the diet
nutrients that are vital for sustaining our health are referred to as
4 types of nutrients
