NUR 207 EXAM #5 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
•Endocrine
•Relating to glands that release hormones & other products into the body (central
circulation)
•Exocrine
•Relating to glands that release hormones & other products outside the body, into the GI
tract or onto the skin
•Catecholamine:
•An organic chemical that functions like a neurotransmitter; can be found outside the
CNS- specifically Epi, NE, DA
•Corticosteroid:
•Any steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; sometimes loosely called
'steroids'
The Endocrine System
•Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
•anterior and posterior hypophysis
•Pineal gland
•Thyroid
•Parathyroids
•Thymus
•Adrenal glands
,•cortical and medullary
•Pancreas
•Gonads (M: testes / F: ovaries)
the Pituitary Gland
•Endocrine extension of the hypothalamus
•The 'master regulator'
•Links CNS to systemic endocrine function
•Anterior and Posterior Lobes
the Anterior Pituitary Gland
•Anterior pituitary gland
•Secretes GH, tropic hormones, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, FSH, & LH
•Regulates growth rate, sexual maturation, metabolism, stress response, metabolism,
fluid balance
•1 in 5 patients with intracranial tumors present with pituitary tumor
Growth Hormone (GH; hGH)
•Primary function = regulation of growth in childhood and puberty Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH)
•Primary function = to regulate release of cortisol & other corticosteroids, & androgens
•Pituitary ACTH is signaled by hypothalamus by corticosteroid releasing hormone (CRH)
•Plays an important role in augmenting metabolism and euvolemic fluid balance
•cortisol & glucocorticoids 1) increase blood sugar, 2) induce catabolism of proteins
and fats 3) cause bone resorption
, •mineralocorticoids cause sodium reclamation from the nephrons à 'where salt goes,
water will follow'
•Androgens help increase muscle and bone mass, play critical role in male 2nd sex
characteristics
•Also, spermatogenesis and testicular development
•Testicular androgen production
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyrotropin; TSH
•Primary function is to control the release of thyroxine T4 from thyroid
•To a lesser degree, triiodothyronine T3
•Negative feedback loop between thyroid release hormone TRH, TSH, and ultimately- T4
•TSH is not an 'active thyroid hormone'; T4 and T3 are
•As more TSH binds to TSH receptors in the thyroid, more active thyroid hormone is
released
•~80% as T4
•~20% as T3
•Iodine intake and utilization is necessary for normal thyroid and thyrotropic function
Follicle Stimulating Hormone &Luteinizing Hormone
•Endocrine
•Relating to glands that release hormones & other products into the body (central
circulation)
•Exocrine
•Relating to glands that release hormones & other products outside the body, into the GI
tract or onto the skin
•Catecholamine:
•An organic chemical that functions like a neurotransmitter; can be found outside the
CNS- specifically Epi, NE, DA
•Corticosteroid:
•Any steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; sometimes loosely called
'steroids'
The Endocrine System
•Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
•anterior and posterior hypophysis
•Pineal gland
•Thyroid
•Parathyroids
•Thymus
•Adrenal glands
,•cortical and medullary
•Pancreas
•Gonads (M: testes / F: ovaries)
the Pituitary Gland
•Endocrine extension of the hypothalamus
•The 'master regulator'
•Links CNS to systemic endocrine function
•Anterior and Posterior Lobes
the Anterior Pituitary Gland
•Anterior pituitary gland
•Secretes GH, tropic hormones, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, FSH, & LH
•Regulates growth rate, sexual maturation, metabolism, stress response, metabolism,
fluid balance
•1 in 5 patients with intracranial tumors present with pituitary tumor
Growth Hormone (GH; hGH)
•Primary function = regulation of growth in childhood and puberty Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH)
•Primary function = to regulate release of cortisol & other corticosteroids, & androgens
•Pituitary ACTH is signaled by hypothalamus by corticosteroid releasing hormone (CRH)
•Plays an important role in augmenting metabolism and euvolemic fluid balance
•cortisol & glucocorticoids 1) increase blood sugar, 2) induce catabolism of proteins
and fats 3) cause bone resorption
, •mineralocorticoids cause sodium reclamation from the nephrons à 'where salt goes,
water will follow'
•Androgens help increase muscle and bone mass, play critical role in male 2nd sex
characteristics
•Also, spermatogenesis and testicular development
•Testicular androgen production
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyrotropin; TSH
•Primary function is to control the release of thyroxine T4 from thyroid
•To a lesser degree, triiodothyronine T3
•Negative feedback loop between thyroid release hormone TRH, TSH, and ultimately- T4
•TSH is not an 'active thyroid hormone'; T4 and T3 are
•As more TSH binds to TSH receptors in the thyroid, more active thyroid hormone is
released
•~80% as T4
•~20% as T3
•Iodine intake and utilization is necessary for normal thyroid and thyrotropic function
Follicle Stimulating Hormone &Luteinizing Hormone
