ITLS Study Set - Complete With Solutions (100% A+)

ITLS Study Set - Complete With Solutions (100% A+)

Scene Size-up Right Ans - Observations made and actions taken at a trauma
scene before actually approaching the patient. Initial step in the ITLS Primary
Survey. Starts at dispatch.

Steps of scene size-up Right Ans - 1. Standard precautions (PPE)
2. Scene safety
3. Initial triage (# of patients)
4. Need for more help/equipment
5. MOI

OPIM Right Ans - Other potentially infectious material

Kinetic Energy formula Right Ans - Kinetic energy = 1/2 (M x V squared)

High-energy event Right Ans - MOI in which it is likely that there was a
large release of uncut rolled kinetic energy

MOI Frontal impact potential injuries Right Ans - - Cervical spine fracture
- Flail chest
- Myocardial contusion
- Pneumothorax
- Aortic disruption
- Spleen or liver laceration
- Posterior hip dislocation
- Knee dislocation

MOI Lateral impact (T-bone) potential injuries Right Ans - - Contralateral
neck sprain
- Cervical-spine fracture
- Lateral flail chest
- Aortic disruption
- Diaphragmatic rupture
- Laceration of spleen, liver, kidney
- Pelvic fracture

MOI Rear impact potential injuries Right Ans - - Cervical-spine injury

,MOI Ejection potential injuries Right Ans - Exposure to all mechanisms and
mortality increased

MOI Ped vs car potential injuries Right Ans - - Head injury
- Aortic disruption
- Abdominal visceral injuries
- Fracture lower extremities and pelvic

Rapid trauma survey Right Ans - Brief head to toe exam to identify life-
threatening injuries

Focused exam Right Ans - Used when there is localized MOI or isolated
injury. Exam limited to area of injury

MVC types Right Ans - 1. Frontal-impact (head-on collision)
2. Lateral-impact (T-bone collision)
3. Rear-impact collision
4. Rollover
5. Rotational

The three separate collision events Right Ans - 1. Machine collision
2. Body collision
3. Organ collision

Rollover collision high risk injury Right Ans - Axial-loading injuries

Rotational collision consideration Right Ans - It is a combination of a
frontal and lateral impact MOI.

Firearm terminology Right Ans - Caliber (internal diameter of the barrel)
Rifling (spiral groove in the interior surface of the barrow
Ammunition (case, primer, power, and bullet)
Bullet construction (Soft/hollow nose, jacket type)
Missile size (large the bullet = more resistance -> larger the permanent tract)
Missile deformity (soft nose flatten on impact = larger surface area of damage)
Semijacket (expands and adds to surface area)
Tumbling (causes a wider path of destruction)
Yaw (missile oscillate vertically and horizontally (wobble) about its axis =
larger surface area)

,Blast injury factors Right Ans - Primary (initial air blast. Almost always
effects air-filled body structures)
Secondary (patient being struck by material propelled by the blast)
Tertiary (body being thrown, resulting in an impact with ground/object)
Quaternary (thermal burns, inhalation of toxic dust/fumes)
Quinary (Hyperinflammatory state from contaminant in the blast such as
chemical, biological or radiological materials)

Primary Survey Right Ans - Brief exam to find immediately life-threatening
condition. Consist of scene size-up, initial assessment and either the rapid
trauma survey or the focused exam

Initial assessment Right Ans - Prioritize the patient and indemnify
immediately life-threatening conditions

1. General impressions
2. Life threatening bleeding (CABC)
3. LOC
4. Airway (c-spine control prn)
5. Breathing
6. Circulation (bleeding control)

Rapid Trauma Survey Right Ans - Brief head to toe to identify life-
threatening injuries

1. Head. And neck
2. Chest. (Symmetry, breath sounds, heart tones, trauma)
3. Abdomen
4. Pelvis
5. Lower / Upper extremities
6. Mother and sensory
7. Posterior

**If critical patient transfer to ambulate to complete exam**

Focused exam Right Ans - Used when focused or localized MOI / injury

1. Evaluate need for spinal

, 2. Vital sings
3. If ALOC (pupils - GCS)

Ongoing exam Right Ans - Abbreviated exam to determine changes in
patient condition. Completed every 5 mins for critical patient and 15 minutes
for stable patients. Should be performed every time the patient is moved, an
intervention performed, patient condition worsens. May take the place of
secondary survey if time restraints is a factor.

Secondary Survey Right Ans - Comprehensive head-to-toe exam to find
additional injuries that may have been missed.

Progression of Important Larynx structures (moving inferior) Right Ans -
Hyoid, thyroid cartilage, crico thyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage

ELM/BURP Right Ans - Backwards upwards rightward pressure of the
thyroid cartilage

Sellick Maneuver Right Ans - Cricoid pressure as high as 100cm H2O
posteriorly, closing off the esophagus. Routine use is no longer recommended.

Landmarking cricoid membrane Right Ans - A: Find the most prominent
part of the thyroid cartilage. Slide index finger down until you feel a second
notch (this is the cricoid cartilage). The Cricoid membrane is between these
two landmarks.

B: Find eternal notch. Move upward until you feel the first prominent cartilage
"bump" which is the cricoid cartilage. Just superiorly to this is the cricoid
membrane. This method is useful for difficult airways (i.e thick necks ect)

Location where the cuff of ETT should lie Right Ans - Near the sternal notch

Landmarking the sternal notch Right Ans - Palpated at the junction of the
clavicles with the upper edge of the sternum

Three important numbers for ETT landmarking Right Ans - 15 cm from the
teeth = vocal cords
20 cm = sternal notch
25cm = carina