NURS 2080 Final Exam
drug that blocks ACE, the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the
lungs; this blocking prevents the vasoconstriction and aldosterone release related to angiotensin II -
ANS angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
specific receptors found in blood vessels and in the adrenal gland that react with angiotensin II to
cause vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone - ANS angiotensin II receptors
pressure receptor; located in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid artery; responds to changes in
pressure and influences the medulla to stimulate the sympathetic system to increase or decrease
blood pressure - ANS baroreceptor
are of the medulla at which stimulation will activate the sympathetic nervous system to increase
blood pressure and heart rate - ANS cardiovascular center
sustained blood pressure above normal limits with no discernible underlying cause - ANS essential
hypertension
sustained blood pressure that is lower than that required to adequately perfuse all of the body's
tissues - ANS hypotension
force that resists the flow of blood through the vessels, mostly determined by the aterioles, which
contract to increase resistance; important in determining overall blood pressure - ANS peripheral
resistance
compensatory process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion
of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure - ANS renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system
severe hypotension that can lead to accumulation of waste products and cell death - ANS shock
the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat; important in determining blood
pressure - ANS stroke volume
,Baroreceptors are the most important factor in controlling fast changes in BP. Baroreceptors
a. are evenly distributed throughout the body to maintain pressure in the system
b. sense pressure and immediately send that information to the medulla in the brain
c. are directly connected to the sympathetic nervous system
d. are as sensitive to oxygen levels as to pressure changes - ANS b. sense pressure and immediately
send that information to the medulla in the brain
Essential hypertension is the most commonly diagnoses form of high BP. Essential hypertension is
a. caused by a tumor in the adrenal gland
b. assoicated with no known cause
c. releated to renal disease
d. caused by liver dysfunction - ANS b. assocated with no known cause
Hypertension is associated with
a. loss of vision
b. strokes
c. atherosclerosis
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
The stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension includes
a. lifestyle modification, including exercise, diet, and decreased smoking and alcohol intake
b. use of a diuretic, beta-blocker, or ACE inhibitor to supplement lifestyle changes
c. a combination of antihypertensive drug classes to achieve desired control
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
ACE inhibitors work on the renin-angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this
conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in
a. spontaneous pneumothorax
b. pneumonia
c. unrelenting cough
d. respiratory depression - ANS c. unrelenting cough
,A client taking an ACE inhibitor is scheduled for surgery. Becuase this medication may be dangerous
in the setting of general anesthesia, the nurse should
a. stop the drug withouth discussing with the providers
b. alert the provider caring for the patient, and mark the client's chart prominently
c. cancel the surgery and consult with the prescriber
d. monitor fluid levels and make sure the fluids are restricted before surgery - ANS b. alert the
provider caring for the patietn, and mark the client's chart prominently
A patient who is hypertensive become pregnanct. Which is the safest medication for this patient?
a. an angiotensin II receptor blocker
b. an ACE inhibitor
c. a beta-blocker
d. A calcium-channel blocker - ANS c. a beta-blocker
Droxidopa, an antihypotensive drug, should be used
a. only with patients who are confined to bed
b. in the treatment of acute shock
c. in patients with known phechromocytoma
d. to treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder - ANS d. to
treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder
Pressure within the vascualr system is determined by which?
a. peripheral resistance
b. stroke volume
c. sodium load
d. heart rate
e. total intravascular volume
f. rate of erthyropoietin releas - ANS a, b, d, e
The renin-angiotensin system is assoicated with which?
a. intense vasoconstriction and BP elevation
, b. blood flow through the kidneys
c. production of surfactant in the lungs
d. release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
e. retention of sodium and water in the kidneys
f. liver production of fibrinogen - ANS a, b, d, e
volume of blood being pumped by the heart - ANS cardiac output
enlargment of the heart, commonly seen with chronic hypertension, valvular disease, and heart
failure - ANS cardiomegaly
a disease of the heart muscle that leads to a weakened heart and can eventually lead ot complete
heart muscle failure or death - ANS cardiomyopathy
describes an agent that can change the heart rate - ANS chronotropic
discomfort with respirations, often with a feeling of anxiety and inability to breate, seen with left-
sided heart failure - ANS dyspnea
a condition in which the heart muscle has less ability to adequately pump blood around the
cardiovascular system, leading to a backup or congestion of blood in the system - ANS heart failure
(HF)
blood-tinged sputum seen in left-sided heart failure when blood backs up into the lungs and lfuid
leads out into the lung tissue - ANS hemoptysis
getting up to void at night, reflecting increased renal perfusion with fluid shifts in the supine position
when a person has gravity-dependent edema related to heart failure; other medical conditions,
including urinary tract infection, increase the need to get up and void - ANS nocturia
difficulty breathing when lying down, often referred to by the number of pillows required to allow a
person to breathe comfortably - ANS orthopnea
decribes an agent that cuases an increased force of muscle contraction - ANS positive inotropic
drug that blocks ACE, the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the
lungs; this blocking prevents the vasoconstriction and aldosterone release related to angiotensin II -
ANS angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
specific receptors found in blood vessels and in the adrenal gland that react with angiotensin II to
cause vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone - ANS angiotensin II receptors
pressure receptor; located in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid artery; responds to changes in
pressure and influences the medulla to stimulate the sympathetic system to increase or decrease
blood pressure - ANS baroreceptor
are of the medulla at which stimulation will activate the sympathetic nervous system to increase
blood pressure and heart rate - ANS cardiovascular center
sustained blood pressure above normal limits with no discernible underlying cause - ANS essential
hypertension
sustained blood pressure that is lower than that required to adequately perfuse all of the body's
tissues - ANS hypotension
force that resists the flow of blood through the vessels, mostly determined by the aterioles, which
contract to increase resistance; important in determining overall blood pressure - ANS peripheral
resistance
compensatory process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion
of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure - ANS renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system
severe hypotension that can lead to accumulation of waste products and cell death - ANS shock
the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat; important in determining blood
pressure - ANS stroke volume
,Baroreceptors are the most important factor in controlling fast changes in BP. Baroreceptors
a. are evenly distributed throughout the body to maintain pressure in the system
b. sense pressure and immediately send that information to the medulla in the brain
c. are directly connected to the sympathetic nervous system
d. are as sensitive to oxygen levels as to pressure changes - ANS b. sense pressure and immediately
send that information to the medulla in the brain
Essential hypertension is the most commonly diagnoses form of high BP. Essential hypertension is
a. caused by a tumor in the adrenal gland
b. assoicated with no known cause
c. releated to renal disease
d. caused by liver dysfunction - ANS b. assocated with no known cause
Hypertension is associated with
a. loss of vision
b. strokes
c. atherosclerosis
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
The stepped-care approach to the treatment of hypertension includes
a. lifestyle modification, including exercise, diet, and decreased smoking and alcohol intake
b. use of a diuretic, beta-blocker, or ACE inhibitor to supplement lifestyle changes
c. a combination of antihypertensive drug classes to achieve desired control
d. all of the above - ANS d. all of the above
ACE inhibitors work on the renin-angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this
conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in
a. spontaneous pneumothorax
b. pneumonia
c. unrelenting cough
d. respiratory depression - ANS c. unrelenting cough
,A client taking an ACE inhibitor is scheduled for surgery. Becuase this medication may be dangerous
in the setting of general anesthesia, the nurse should
a. stop the drug withouth discussing with the providers
b. alert the provider caring for the patient, and mark the client's chart prominently
c. cancel the surgery and consult with the prescriber
d. monitor fluid levels and make sure the fluids are restricted before surgery - ANS b. alert the
provider caring for the patietn, and mark the client's chart prominently
A patient who is hypertensive become pregnanct. Which is the safest medication for this patient?
a. an angiotensin II receptor blocker
b. an ACE inhibitor
c. a beta-blocker
d. A calcium-channel blocker - ANS c. a beta-blocker
Droxidopa, an antihypotensive drug, should be used
a. only with patients who are confined to bed
b. in the treatment of acute shock
c. in patients with known phechromocytoma
d. to treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder - ANS d. to
treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder
Pressure within the vascualr system is determined by which?
a. peripheral resistance
b. stroke volume
c. sodium load
d. heart rate
e. total intravascular volume
f. rate of erthyropoietin releas - ANS a, b, d, e
The renin-angiotensin system is assoicated with which?
a. intense vasoconstriction and BP elevation
, b. blood flow through the kidneys
c. production of surfactant in the lungs
d. release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
e. retention of sodium and water in the kidneys
f. liver production of fibrinogen - ANS a, b, d, e
volume of blood being pumped by the heart - ANS cardiac output
enlargment of the heart, commonly seen with chronic hypertension, valvular disease, and heart
failure - ANS cardiomegaly
a disease of the heart muscle that leads to a weakened heart and can eventually lead ot complete
heart muscle failure or death - ANS cardiomyopathy
describes an agent that can change the heart rate - ANS chronotropic
discomfort with respirations, often with a feeling of anxiety and inability to breate, seen with left-
sided heart failure - ANS dyspnea
a condition in which the heart muscle has less ability to adequately pump blood around the
cardiovascular system, leading to a backup or congestion of blood in the system - ANS heart failure
(HF)
blood-tinged sputum seen in left-sided heart failure when blood backs up into the lungs and lfuid
leads out into the lung tissue - ANS hemoptysis
getting up to void at night, reflecting increased renal perfusion with fluid shifts in the supine position
when a person has gravity-dependent edema related to heart failure; other medical conditions,
including urinary tract infection, increase the need to get up and void - ANS nocturia
difficulty breathing when lying down, often referred to by the number of pillows required to allow a
person to breathe comfortably - ANS orthopnea
decribes an agent that cuases an increased force of muscle contraction - ANS positive inotropic
