GCD 3022 Exam 1 with complete solutions
2024/2025
Theory of pangenesis - ANSWER-Hippocrates, all parts of body make seeds that
are collected and transmitted to offspring
Spermists - ANSWER-homunculus in sperm, father entirely responsible for
inheritance, resemblance to mom comes from womb
Ovists - ANSWER-Mom entirely responsible for inheritance,
Blending theory inheritance - ANSWER-factors that dictate inheritance blend from
generation
Gregor Mendel - ANSWER-studied physics and natural history, pea plants-
several varieties, structures easy to cross,
Hermaphrodite - ANSWER-plant or animal that has both male and female
reproductive organs,
Angiosperm pollination and fertilization - ANSWER-endosperm- provides food for
embryo, micropyle- small opening in
Self-fertilization - ANSWER-pollen and egg, derived from same plant
,Cross-fertilization - ANSWER-pollen and egg are derived from different plants, cut
off either male or female bits,
Hybridization - ANSWER-crossing two individuals with different characteristics
True breeder - ANSWER-same trait over several generations, homozygous
Monohybrid cross - ANSWER-only look at one trait, F1 all Tt, F2 3:1
Particulate theory of inheritance - ANSWER-traits passed through genes
Wild type allele - ANSWER-intact fully functional allele
Null allele - ANSWER-totally nonfunctional allele, usually recessive
Mendel's law of segregation - ANSWER-Each plant has 2 hereditary factors- one
from each parent, two factors may be identical or different, one factor dominant
one recessive, factors segregate randomly
Reginald Punnett - ANSWER-Punnett square,
Dihybrid cross - ANSWER-compare two traits, 9:3:3:1 - assort independently
Mendel's law of independent assortment - ANSWER-during gamete formation,
segregation independent- not actually the case
Pedigree - ANSWER-way to map human trait patterns,
female pedigree - ANSWER-
Male pedigree - ANSWER-
Sex unknown pedigree - ANSWER-
, Miscarriage pedigree - ANSWER-
Deceased pedigree - ANSWER-
Unaffected pedigree - ANSWER-
Affected pedigree - ANSWER-
Presumed heterozygote pedigree - ANSWER-
Consanguineous mating pedigree - ANSWER-between 2 related individuals
Fraternal twin pedigree - ANSWER-
Identical twin pedigree - ANSWER-
Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-recessive disorder, gene encodes cystic fibrosis
transmembrane regulator, CF = irregularities in gene
Dominant mutations - ANSWER-only needs one copy to be affected
Probability - ANSWER-Number times occurs/ total number of events, random
sampling error,
Sum rule of probability - ANSWER-one or other even, add probabilities, must be
mutually exclusive
Product rule of probability - ANSWER-one gene and another product of
probabilities, independent events
Congenital analgesia - ANSWER-no pain, recessive disorder
Drosophila melanogaster - ANSWER-fruit flyes
2024/2025
Theory of pangenesis - ANSWER-Hippocrates, all parts of body make seeds that
are collected and transmitted to offspring
Spermists - ANSWER-homunculus in sperm, father entirely responsible for
inheritance, resemblance to mom comes from womb
Ovists - ANSWER-Mom entirely responsible for inheritance,
Blending theory inheritance - ANSWER-factors that dictate inheritance blend from
generation
Gregor Mendel - ANSWER-studied physics and natural history, pea plants-
several varieties, structures easy to cross,
Hermaphrodite - ANSWER-plant or animal that has both male and female
reproductive organs,
Angiosperm pollination and fertilization - ANSWER-endosperm- provides food for
embryo, micropyle- small opening in
Self-fertilization - ANSWER-pollen and egg, derived from same plant
,Cross-fertilization - ANSWER-pollen and egg are derived from different plants, cut
off either male or female bits,
Hybridization - ANSWER-crossing two individuals with different characteristics
True breeder - ANSWER-same trait over several generations, homozygous
Monohybrid cross - ANSWER-only look at one trait, F1 all Tt, F2 3:1
Particulate theory of inheritance - ANSWER-traits passed through genes
Wild type allele - ANSWER-intact fully functional allele
Null allele - ANSWER-totally nonfunctional allele, usually recessive
Mendel's law of segregation - ANSWER-Each plant has 2 hereditary factors- one
from each parent, two factors may be identical or different, one factor dominant
one recessive, factors segregate randomly
Reginald Punnett - ANSWER-Punnett square,
Dihybrid cross - ANSWER-compare two traits, 9:3:3:1 - assort independently
Mendel's law of independent assortment - ANSWER-during gamete formation,
segregation independent- not actually the case
Pedigree - ANSWER-way to map human trait patterns,
female pedigree - ANSWER-
Male pedigree - ANSWER-
Sex unknown pedigree - ANSWER-
, Miscarriage pedigree - ANSWER-
Deceased pedigree - ANSWER-
Unaffected pedigree - ANSWER-
Affected pedigree - ANSWER-
Presumed heterozygote pedigree - ANSWER-
Consanguineous mating pedigree - ANSWER-between 2 related individuals
Fraternal twin pedigree - ANSWER-
Identical twin pedigree - ANSWER-
Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-recessive disorder, gene encodes cystic fibrosis
transmembrane regulator, CF = irregularities in gene
Dominant mutations - ANSWER-only needs one copy to be affected
Probability - ANSWER-Number times occurs/ total number of events, random
sampling error,
Sum rule of probability - ANSWER-one or other even, add probabilities, must be
mutually exclusive
Product rule of probability - ANSWER-one gene and another product of
probabilities, independent events
Congenital analgesia - ANSWER-no pain, recessive disorder
Drosophila melanogaster - ANSWER-fruit flyes
