DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences
1) Right atrium receives oxygen depleted blood from the body.
2) Right atrium contracts, blood flow through tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
3) Right ventricle contracts, blood flows through pulmonary artery to the lungs.
4) Blood is re-oxygenated at lungs, travels through pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
5) Left atrium contracts, blood flows through mitral valve into the left ventricle.
6) Left ventricle contracts, forces blood through aortic valve into aorta, then to the body. -
ANSWER✅✅✅What are the steps of circulation?
1)What is the role of the central nervous system?
2)What are the 3 subdivisions of the central nervous system? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) To provide overall
control of body function
2) Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
ARTERIES AND VEINS:
1) What are the major differences between arteries and veins?
2) What does the layer of muscle do? Which happens during a sympathetic stimulation? What happens
after the stimulation disappears?
3) What is a lumen?
4) What is vasoconstriction and vasodilatation? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) Arteries have much thicker walls
to handle press of blood flow. They are more elastic an have a muscular layer around them.
2) It can expand and contract the artery. It contracts the arterial wall. The artery expands.
3) It is the hollow core of the artery.
4) Vasoconstriction is when the diameter of the artery decreases. Vasodilatation is when is increase.
ARTERIES AND VEINS:
1) What do arteries turn into as they leave the heart? What is their final destination?
2) How do these connect back to the heart? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) Arterioles, and then capillaries. They
exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other waste from the cells of the body.
2) Capillaries connect to venules, which are the smallest veins. These turn into small veins, then larger
veins, and finally into the the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava.
, DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) How is atropine used in bradycardia?
2) What are the roles of the cholinergic receptors in the heart, which normally receive acetylcholine?
3) How does atropine affect this?
4) What does this do to treat bradycardia? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) It counteracts the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine at the parasympathetic receptor sites in the heart.
2) To maintain the heart rate at a decreased heart level and keep it in check.
3) It blocks acetylcholine, which stops the parasympathetic 'braking' action of the heart.
4) It increases heart rate, which overcomes the bradycardia.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) What do the anesthetic drugs utilized in OMS affect?
2) What do barbiturates and propofol do, and what does this result in?
3) What does ketamine do, and what does this affect?
4) What can anticholinergic drugs do, and how does it do this? What are some anticholinergic drugs? -
ANSWER✅✅✅1) They affect the vital centers in the medulla and the pons that are associated with
the autonomic nervous center.
2) They depress the vital centers, resulting in hypotension and respiratory depression.
3) This stimulates the vital centers and causes an increase in blood press and pulse.
4) They can reduce secretion of saliva, by counteracting parasympathetic stimulation. Atropine or
glycopyrrolate.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) Why is epinephrine put into local anesthetics?
2) How are autonomic drugs, such as epinephrine, useful in medical or anesthetic emergencies?
3) How is epinephrine used?
4) How is ephedrine used? How are adrenergic drugs, such as labetalol used?
5) How are adrenergic drugs such as albuterol used? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) It causes vasoconstriction,
which decreases 'wash-out' of the anesthetic from the area, and helps control bleeding.
1) Right atrium receives oxygen depleted blood from the body.
2) Right atrium contracts, blood flow through tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
3) Right ventricle contracts, blood flows through pulmonary artery to the lungs.
4) Blood is re-oxygenated at lungs, travels through pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
5) Left atrium contracts, blood flows through mitral valve into the left ventricle.
6) Left ventricle contracts, forces blood through aortic valve into aorta, then to the body. -
ANSWER✅✅✅What are the steps of circulation?
1)What is the role of the central nervous system?
2)What are the 3 subdivisions of the central nervous system? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) To provide overall
control of body function
2) Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
ARTERIES AND VEINS:
1) What are the major differences between arteries and veins?
2) What does the layer of muscle do? Which happens during a sympathetic stimulation? What happens
after the stimulation disappears?
3) What is a lumen?
4) What is vasoconstriction and vasodilatation? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) Arteries have much thicker walls
to handle press of blood flow. They are more elastic an have a muscular layer around them.
2) It can expand and contract the artery. It contracts the arterial wall. The artery expands.
3) It is the hollow core of the artery.
4) Vasoconstriction is when the diameter of the artery decreases. Vasodilatation is when is increase.
ARTERIES AND VEINS:
1) What do arteries turn into as they leave the heart? What is their final destination?
2) How do these connect back to the heart? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) Arterioles, and then capillaries. They
exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other waste from the cells of the body.
2) Capillaries connect to venules, which are the smallest veins. These turn into small veins, then larger
veins, and finally into the the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava.
, DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) How is atropine used in bradycardia?
2) What are the roles of the cholinergic receptors in the heart, which normally receive acetylcholine?
3) How does atropine affect this?
4) What does this do to treat bradycardia? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) It counteracts the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine at the parasympathetic receptor sites in the heart.
2) To maintain the heart rate at a decreased heart level and keep it in check.
3) It blocks acetylcholine, which stops the parasympathetic 'braking' action of the heart.
4) It increases heart rate, which overcomes the bradycardia.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) What do the anesthetic drugs utilized in OMS affect?
2) What do barbiturates and propofol do, and what does this result in?
3) What does ketamine do, and what does this affect?
4) What can anticholinergic drugs do, and how does it do this? What are some anticholinergic drugs? -
ANSWER✅✅✅1) They affect the vital centers in the medulla and the pons that are associated with
the autonomic nervous center.
2) They depress the vital centers, resulting in hypotension and respiratory depression.
3) This stimulates the vital centers and causes an increase in blood press and pulse.
4) They can reduce secretion of saliva, by counteracting parasympathetic stimulation. Atropine or
glycopyrrolate.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
1) Why is epinephrine put into local anesthetics?
2) How are autonomic drugs, such as epinephrine, useful in medical or anesthetic emergencies?
3) How is epinephrine used?
4) How is ephedrine used? How are adrenergic drugs, such as labetalol used?
5) How are adrenergic drugs such as albuterol used? - ANSWER✅✅✅1) It causes vasoconstriction,
which decreases 'wash-out' of the anesthetic from the area, and helps control bleeding.
